T‐cell exhaustion in HIV infection

The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming degree of damage to the targeted cells, which in most instances leads to the control and elimination of foreign invaders. Ho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunological reviews 2019-11, Vol.292 (1), p.149-163
Main Authors: Fenwick, Craig, Joo, Victor, Jacquier, Patricia, Noto, Alessandra, Banga, Riddhima, Perreau, Matthieu, Pantaleo, Giuseppe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antigens
Antigens, Viral - immunology
Antiretroviral agents
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretroviral therapy
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
Chronic infection
chronic viral infection
Disease Progression
Exhaustion
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - drug effects
HIV-1 - immunology
HIV-1 - physiology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - drug effects
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
immune checkpoint inhibitors
Invited Review
Invited Reviews
Latent infection
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Markers
PD‐1
T‐cell exhaustion
Viruses
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Summary:The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming degree of damage to the targeted cells, which in most instances leads to the control and elimination of foreign invaders. However, in conditions of chronic infection, persistent exposure of T cells to high levels of antigen results in a severe T‐cell dysfunctional state called exhaustion. T‐cell exhaustion leads to a suboptimal immune‐mediated control of multiple viral infections including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this review, we will discuss the role of T‐cell exhaustion in HIV disease progression, the long‐term defect of T‐cell function even in aviremic patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the role of exhaustion‐specific markers in maintaining a reservoir of latently infected cells, and exploiting these markers in HIV cure strategies.
ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/imr.12823