Spectrum of Eye Disease in Diabetes (SPEED) in India: A prospective facility-based study. Report # 4. Glaucoma in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To estimate the proportion of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glaucoma in a facility-based cross-sectional observational study in India. All people received a comprehensive eye examination. Glaucoma-specific examinations included applanation tonometry, optic disc and cup evaluation,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indian journal of ophthalmology 2020-02, Vol.68 (Suppl 1), p.S32-S36
Main Authors: Behera, Umesh C, Bhattacharjee, Harsha, Das, Taraprasad, Gilbert, Clare, Murthy, G V S, Rajalakshmi, R, Pant, Hira B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology
Diabetic Retinopathy - etiology
Eye diseases
Eye examination
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Glaucoma
Glaucoma - epidemiology
Glaucoma - etiology
Hospitals - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Incidence
India - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Ophthalmology
Original
Professional associations
Prospective Studies
Risk Assessment - methods
Rural Population
Sex Distribution
Type 2 diabetes
Urban Population
Young Adult
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Summary:To estimate the proportion of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glaucoma in a facility-based cross-sectional observational study in India. All people received a comprehensive eye examination. Glaucoma-specific examinations included applanation tonometry, optic disc and cup evaluation, and stereo biomicroscopy in all people; gonioscopy and visual field testing in glaucoma suspects. The International Society of Geographic and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology guidelines were used to diagnose and classify glaucoma. The study recruited 11,182 people (average age: 58.2 ± 10.6; range 39-96 years). Glaucoma was diagnosed in 4.9% (n = 547) people. About 76.8% (n = 420) of those with glaucoma had bilateral disease, and 98.7% (n = 540) were >40 years. Among people with bilateral disease, 94.5% (n = 397) had primary glaucoma - open angle in 59.3% (n = 228) and angle closure in 40.2% (n = 169). Diabetes duration was ≤10 years in 71.5% (n = 300) people. On linear regression, the following were associated with glaucoma: advancing age [compared with < 40 years age group; odds ratio [OR] in 50-60 year age group: 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.8], P < 0.035); >60 years age group (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.57-2.67; P < 0.001), and diabetic neuropathy (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.35-5.10, P < 0.003). Glycemic control did not have significant association (P = 0.425). Presence of glaucoma in people with T2DM in this cohort was similar to the general population prevalence studies in India. Glaucoma was invariably bilateral. A comprehensive eye examination in people age 40 years and older with diabetes and/or glaucoma is beneficial.
ISSN:0301-4738
1998-3689
DOI:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1948_19