Myeloid immunosuppression and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment

Tumor-promoting inflammation and the avoidance of immune destruction are hallmarks of cancer. While innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, are critical mediators for sterile and nonsterile inflammation, persistent inflammation, such as that which occurs in cancer, is k...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cellular & molecular immunology 2020-01, Vol.17 (1), p.1-12
Main Authors:	Nakamura, Kyohei, Smyth, Mark J
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adjuvants Animals Anti-inflammatory agents Antitumor activity Cancer Cell survival Effectiveness studies Humans Immune checkpoint Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use Immune response Immune Tolerance - drug effects Immunostimulation Immunosuppression Immunotherapy Inflammation Leukocytes (neutrophilic) Lymphocytes Macrophages Macrophages - immunology Monocytes Myeloid cells Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells - immunology Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells - pathology Myelopoiesis Myelopoiesis - immunology Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - immunology Neoplasms - pathology Review Suppressor cells Therapeutic applications Tumor cells Tumor Microenvironment - drug effects Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
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Summary:	Tumor-promoting inflammation and the avoidance of immune destruction are hallmarks of cancer. While innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, are critical mediators for sterile and nonsterile inflammation, persistent inflammation, such as that which occurs in cancer, is known to disturb normal myelopoiesis. This disturbance leads to the generation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Due to their potent suppressive activities against effector lymphocytes and their abundance in the tumor microenvironment, immunosuppressive myeloid cells act as a major barrier to cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, various therapeutic approaches directed toward immunosuppressive myeloid cells are actively being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. These include anti-inflammatory agents, therapeutic blockade of the mobilization and survival of myeloid cells, and immunostimulatory adjuvants. More recently, immune checkpoint molecules expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to redirect these cells to eliminate tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the complex crosstalk between cancer-related inflammation and immunosuppressive myeloid cells and possible therapeutic strategies to harness antitumor immune responses.
ISSN:	1672-7681 2042-0226