Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health

Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.8 (11), p.1436
Main Authors: Wu, Ne N, Tian, Haili, Chen, Peijie, Wang, Dan, Ren, Jun, Zhang, Yingmei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Angiogenesis
Atherosclerosis
Autophagy
Blood pressure
Body fat
Body weight
Cardiac function
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular system
Catecholamines
Chronic illnesses
Coronary artery disease
Exercise
Fitness training programs
Flexibility
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Heart diseases
Heart failure
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Insulin
Interval training
Ischemia
Lipid metabolism
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Nitric oxide
Organelles
Phagocytosis
Physical fitness
Physical training
Physiology
Proteins
Quality control
Review
Risk factors
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Summary:Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells8111436