Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by the microbiota at mucosal sites

Summary Mucosal tissues contain distinct microbial communities that differ drastically depending on the barrier site, and as such, mucosal immune responses have evolved to be tailored specifically for their location. Whether protective or regulatory immune responses against invading pathogens or the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunology 2020-01, Vol.159 (1), p.26-38
Main Authors: Scott, Nicholas A., Mann, Elizabeth R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
dendritic cell
Dendritic cells
Host Microbial Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Immunity, Mucosal
Intestine
Intestines - immunology
Intestines - microbiology
Leukocytes (mononuclear)
Lung - microbiology
macrophage
Macrophages
Microbial activity
Microbiota
Microbiota - immunology
Microorganisms
Models, Animal
Mononuclear Phagocyte System - immunology
Mouth - immunology
Mouth - microbiology
mucosal
Mucosal immunity
Mucous Membrane - immunology
Mucous Membrane - microbiology
Phagocytes
Review
Review Series: Interactions of the Microbiota with the Mucosal Immune System
Symbiosis - immunology
Urogenital System - immunology
Urogenital System - microbiology
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Summary:Summary Mucosal tissues contain distinct microbial communities that differ drastically depending on the barrier site, and as such, mucosal immune responses have evolved to be tailored specifically for their location. Whether protective or regulatory immune responses against invading pathogens or the commensal microbiota occur is controlled by local mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). Comprising macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), the functions of these cells are highly dependent on the local environment. For example, the intestine contains the greatest bacterial load of any site in the body, and hence, intestinal MNPs are hyporesponsive to bacterial stimulation. This is thought to be one of the major mechanisms by which harmful immune responses directed against the trillions of harmless bacteria that line the gut lumen are avoided. Regulation of MNP function by the microbiota has been characterized in the most depth in the intestine but there are several mucosal sites that also contain their own microbiota. In this review, we present an overview of how MNP function is regulated by the microbiota at mucosal sites, highlighting recent novel pathways by which this occurs in the intestine, and new studies elucidating these interactions at mucosal sites that have been characterized in less depth, including the urogenital tract. This review focuses on interactions between the microbiota and mononuclear phagocytes at mucosal sites. These include the intestine, lungs, oral cavity, bladder/urinary tract and reproductive tract.
ISSN:0019-2805
1365-2567
DOI:10.1111/imm.13155