Longitudinal pathways linking family risk, neural risk processing, delay discounting, and adolescent substance use

Background Current theories in neuroscience emphasize the crucial role of individual differences in the brain contributing to the development of risk taking during adolescence. Yet, little is known about developmental pathways through which family risk factors are related to neural processing of ris...

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Published in:Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2019-06, Vol.60 (6), p.655-664
Main Authors: Kim‐Spoon, Jungmeen, Lauharatanahirun, Nina, Peviani, Kristin, Brieant, Alexis, Deater‐Deckard, Kirby, Bickel, Warren K., King‐Casas, Brooks
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescents
Adversity
Blood
Brain
Child & adolescent psychiatry
Computerization
Decision making
delay discounting
Developmental delays
Discounting
Family Environment
Family multi‐risk index
functional neuroimaging
Health behavior
Individual differences
Medical treatment
Oxygen
Questionnaires
Risk behavior
Risk factors
risk processing
Risk taking
Substance abuse
substance use
Teenagers
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Summary:Background Current theories in neuroscience emphasize the crucial role of individual differences in the brain contributing to the development of risk taking during adolescence. Yet, little is known about developmental pathways through which family risk factors are related to neural processing of risk during decision making, ultimately contributing to health risk behaviors. Using a longitudinal design, we tested whether neural risk processing, as affected by family multi‐risk index, predicted delay discounting and substance use. Method One hundred and fifty‐seven adolescents (aged 13–14 years at Time 1, 52% male) were assessed annually three times. Family multi‐risk index was measured by socioeconomic adversity, household chaos, and family risk‐taking behaviors. Delay discounting was assessed by a computerized task, substance use by questionnaire data, and risk‐related neural processing by blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during a lottery choice task. Results Family multi‐risk index at Time 1 was related to adolescent substance use at Time 3 (after controlling for baseline substance use) indirectly through heightened amygdala sensitivity to risks and greater delay discounting. Conclusions Our results elucidate the crucial role of neural risk processing in the processes linking family multi‐risk index and the development of substance use. Furthermore, risk‐related amygdala activation and delay discounting are important targets in the prevention and treatment of substance use among adolescents growing up in high‐risk family environments.
ISSN:0021-9630
1469-7610
1469-7610
DOI:10.1111/jcpp.13015