PCR Characterization of Microbiota on Contracted and Non-Contracted Breast Capsules

Background The aetiology of capsular contracture around breast implants remains unclear. The leading theory is that a subclinical infection around the implant plays a role in the development of capsular contractions. Several studies found associations between the presence of bacteria and the occurre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Aesthetic plastic surgery 2019-08, Vol.43 (4), p.918-926
Main Authors: Bachour, Yara, Poort, Linda, Verweij, Stephan P., van Selms, Gijs, Winters, Hay A. H., Ritt, Marco J. P. F., Niessen, Frank B., Budding, Andries E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic Medical Centers
Adult
Bacteria
Breast Implantation - adverse effects
Breast Implantation - methods
Breast Implants - adverse effects
Breast Implants - microbiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Device Removal
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Implant Capsular Contracture - microbiology
Implant Capsular Contracture - surgery
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Microbiota
Middle Aged
Netherlands
Original
Original Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Plastic Surgery
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Prosthesis-Related Infections - epidemiology
Prosthesis-Related Infections - microbiology
Reference Values
Retrospective Studies
Risk Assessment
Transplants & implants
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Background The aetiology of capsular contracture around breast implants remains unclear. The leading theory is that a subclinical infection around the implant plays a role in the development of capsular contractions. Several studies found associations between the presence of bacteria and the occurrence of capsular contraction. However, it is unclear whether detected bacteria originate from the breast capsule, breast glandular tissue or skin contamination. Moreover, this has never been investigated with molecular techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial microbiota on breast capsules, glandular tissue and skin using a highly sensitive PCR assay. Materials and Methods Fifty breast capsules were collected during implant removal or replacement. Ten specimens of glandular breast tissue and breast skin were collected in females who were undergoing reduction mammoplasty. A sample specimen (4 mm) was sterilely obtained from all tissues. All specimens were analysed by IS-pro, a 16S–23S interspace region-based PCR assay. Results Low numbers of Staphylococcus spp. (four species in four capsules) were found on breast capsules. There was no difference in bacterial presence between normal and contracted capsules. The skin of the breast-harboured  Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp . while the glandular tissue was sterile. Conclusion The low numbers of bacteria found on the capsules are most likely caused by contamination during capsule removal. More and larger studies are needed to investigate the bacterial presence on breast capsules using a PCR assay. This is the first study in which breast capsules have been studied using a highly sensitive PCR assay. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
ISSN:0364-216X
1432-5241
DOI:10.1007/s00266-019-01383-9