Hepatitis E in southern Vietnam: Seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs

Summary Viral pathogens account for a significant proportion of the burden of emerging infectious diseases in humans. The Wellcome Trust‐Vietnamese Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (WT‐VIZIONS) is aiming to understand the circulation of viral zoonotic pathogens in animals that pose a potential risk...

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Published in:Zoonoses and public health 2018-02, Vol.65 (1), p.43-50
Main Authors: Berto, A., Vy, N. H. T., Caddy, S. L., Hiraide, R., Tue, N. T., Thwaites, G. E., Baker, S., Boni, M. F., Kiet, Bach Tuan, Bryant, Juliet E, Phu, Bui Duc, Campbell, James I, Hung, Dang Manh, Huong, Dang Thao, Oanh, Dang Tram, Day, Jeremy N, Tan, Dinh, Doorn, H. Rogier, Farrar, Jeremy J, Trang, Hau Thi Thu, Long, Hoang Bao, Cuong, Lam Chi, Hung, Manh, Phuong, Thanh, Phuc, Thi, Phuong, Thi, Luat, Xuan, Ha, Luu Thi Thu, Chuong, Ly, Loan, Mai Thi Phuoc, Nadjm, Behzad, Bao, Ngo Thanh, Tu, Nguyen Canh, Thuan, Nguyen Dac, Chuyen, Nguyen Khac, An, Nguyen Ngoc, Hung, Nguyen Quoc, Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Minh, Nguyen Thanh, Tham, Nguyen Thi Hong, Tien, Nguyen Thi Hong, Chuc, Nguyen Thi Kim, Ngoc, Nguyen Thi, Ha, Nguyen Thi Lien, Lien, Nguyen Thi Nam, Diep, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Nhung, Nguyen Thi, Chau, Nguyen Thi Song, Chi, Nguyen Thi Yen, Trinh, Nguyen Thieu, Van, Nguyen Thu, Cuong, Nguyen, Hung, Nguyen, Kinh, Nguyen, Minh Hoang, Nguyen, My, Nguyen, Thang, Nguyen, Thanh, Nguyen, Xang, Nguyen, My, Pham Ha, Khoa, Pham Thi Minh, Tam, Pham Thi Thanh, Lao, Pham, Be Bay, Phan, Rabaa, Maia A, Rahman, Motiur, Thompson, Corinne, Nhu, Tran Do Hoang, Chau, Tran Hoang Minh, Toan, Tran Khanh, Phuc, Tran My, Hong, Tran Thi Kim, Thanh, Tran Thi Thanh, Minh, Tran Thi Thuy, Nguyen, Tran Thua, Hien, Tran Tinh, Tri, Trinh Quang, Hien, Vo Be, Tai, Vo Nhut, Phat, Voong Vinh, Huong, Vu Thi Lan, Hang, Vu Thi Ty, Wertheim, Heiman, Bogaardt, Carlijn, Chase‐Topping, Margo, Ivens, Al, Lu, Lu, Ngyuen, Dung, Rambaut, Andrew, Simmonds, Peter, Woolhouse, Mark, Oude Munnink, Bas B., Kellam, Paul, Phan, My Vu Tra, Hoek, Lia, Deijs, Martin, Jebbink, Maarten F., Saylors, Karen, Wolfe, Nathan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal populations
Animals
Detection
Epidemiology
Exposure
Farmers
Genotypes
Health risks
Hepatitis
Hepatitis E - epidemiology
Hepatitis E - veterinary
Hepatitis E - virology
hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis E virus - genetics
Hogs
human
Humans
Infections
Infectious diseases
Molecular Epidemiology
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide sequence
Pathogens
Pigs
Population
prevalence
Rectum
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA, Viral - genetics
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Seroepidemiology
seroprevalence
Swine
Swine Diseases - epidemiology
Swine Diseases - virology
Vietnam
Vietnam - epidemiology
Viruses
Zoonoses
zoonosis
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Summary:Summary Viral pathogens account for a significant proportion of the burden of emerging infectious diseases in humans. The Wellcome Trust‐Vietnamese Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (WT‐VIZIONS) is aiming to understand the circulation of viral zoonotic pathogens in animals that pose a potential risk to human health. Evidence suggests that human exposure and infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes (GT) 3 and 4 results from zoonotic transmission. Hypothesising that HEV GT3 and GT4 are circulating in the Vietnamese pig population and can be transmitted to humans, we aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of HEV exposure in a population of farmers and the general population. We additionally performed sequence analysis of HEV in pig populations in the same region to address knowledge gaps regarding HEV circulation and to evaluate if pigs were a potential source of HEV exposure. We found a high prevalence of HEV GT3 viral RNA in pigs (19.1% in faecal samples and 8.2% in rectal swabs) and a high HEV seroprevalence in pig farmers (16.0%) and a hospital‐attending population (31.7%) in southern Vietnam. The hospital population was recruited as a general‐population proxy even though this particular population subgroup may introduce bias. The detection of HEV RNA in pigs indicates that HEV may be a zoonotic disease risk in this location, although a larger sample size is required to infer an association between HEV positivity in pigs and seroprevalence in humans.
ISSN:1863-1959
1863-2378
DOI:10.1111/zph.12364