Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial

Lycopene and green tea consumption have been observationally associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of factorial randomisation to a 6‐month lycopene and green tea dietary advice or supplementation interve...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of cancer 2019-04, Vol.144 (8), p.1918-1928
Main Authors: Beynon, Rhona A., Richmond, Rebecca C., Santos Ferreira, Diana L., Ness, Andrew R., May, Margaret, Smith, George Davey, Vincent, Emma E., Adams, Charleen, Ala‐Korpela, Mika, Würtz, Peter, Soidinsalo, Sebastian, Metcalfe, Christopher, Donovan, Jenny L., Lane, Athene J., Martin, Richard M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Aged
Cancer
Cancer Epidemiology
dietary intervention
Dietary supplements
Diglycerides
Docosahexaenoic acid
Feeding Behavior - physiology
Green tea
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Humans
Intervention
Lycopene
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
Male
Medical research
Mendelian randomisation
Metabolites
Metabolome - physiology
Metabolomics - methods
Middle Aged
Prostate cancer
Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood
Prostatic Neoplasms - blood
Prostatic Neoplasms - diet therapy
Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism
Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid - blood
Randomization
Statistical analysis
Tea
Valine
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Lycopene and green tea consumption have been observationally associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of factorial randomisation to a 6‐month lycopene and green tea dietary advice or supplementation intervention on 159 serum metabolite measures in 128 men with raised PSA levels (but prostate cancer‐free), analysed by intention‐to‐treat. The causal effects of metabolites modified by the intervention on prostate cancer risk were then assessed by Mendelian randomisation, using summary statistics from 44,825 prostate cancer cases and 27,904 controls. The systemic effects of lycopene and green tea supplementation on serum metabolic profile were comparable to the effects of the respective dietary advice interventions (R2 = 0.65 and 0.76 for lycopene and green tea respectively). Metabolites which were altered in response to lycopene supplementation were acetate [β (standard deviation difference vs. placebo): 0.69; 95% CI = 0.24, 1.15; p = 0.003], valine (β: −0.62; −1.03, −0.02; p = 0.004), pyruvate (β: −0.56; −0.95, −0.16; p = 0.006) and docosahexaenoic acid (β: −0.50; −085, −0.14; p = 0.006). Valine and diacylglycerol were lower in the lycopene dietary advice group (β: −0.65; −1.04, −0.26; p = 0.001 and β: −0.59; −1.01, −0.18; p = 0.006). A genetically instrumented SD increase in pyruvate increased the odds of prostate cancer by 1.29 (1.03, 1.62; p = 0.027). An intervention to increase lycopene intake altered the serum metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer. Lycopene lowered levels of pyruvate, which our Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests may be causally related to reduced prostate cancer risk. What's new? Prostate cancer incidence varies by geographic region, suggesting that environmental factors, such as diet, play a role. Here, the authors investigated how green tea and lycopene intake affects prostate cancer risk. They conducted a 6‐month intervention on men with raised PSA levels but no cancer, testing levels of 159 serum metabolites by NMR. Lycopene supplementation, they found, reduced levels of circulating pyruvate, and Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests pyruvate may boost PC risk. These results suggest a possible mechanism of action by which consuming dietary lycopene may reduce prostate cancer risk.
ISSN:0020-7136
1097-0215
DOI:10.1002/ijc.31929