Immune modulation and modulators in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection

[Display omitted] ► A comprehensive review of a widely studied model system for helminth infections. ► Synthesises data from many immunology laboratories. ► Updates with new molecular information on molecular modulators. ► Provides a single reference source for researchers in this field. The intesti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Experimental parasitology 2012-09, Vol.132 (1), p.76-89
Main Authors:	Maizels, Rick M., Hewitson, James P., Murray, Janice, Harcus, Yvonne M., Dayer, Blaise, Filbey, Kara J., Grainger, John R., McSorley, Henry J., Reynolds, Lisa A., Smith, Katherine A.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	adaptive immunity Adaptive Immunity - immunology Alternatively activated macrophages Animals Antibodies, Helminth - immunology Antibody isotype Antibody Specificity antigens Antigens, Helminth - immunology B-Lymphocytes - immunology Cytokine Cytokines - immunology Dendritic cell Dendritic Cells - immunology Heligmosomoides polygyrus host-parasite relationships Humans hypersensitivity Immunity, Innate - immunology Immunomodulation immunomodulators Immunosuppression inflammation macrophages Mice Mucosal immunity Nematospiroides dubius - immunology parasites parasitology Phenotype proteins proteomics Secreted immunomodulators Strongylida Infections - immunology T cell subsets T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology T-lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology transcriptomics vaccines
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Summary:	[Display omitted] ► A comprehensive review of a widely studied model system for helminth infections. ► Synthesises data from many immunology laboratories. ► Updates with new molecular information on molecular modulators. ► Provides a single reference source for researchers in this field. The intestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri exerts widespread immunomodulatory effects on both the innate and adaptive immune system of the host. Infected mice adopt an immunoregulated phenotype, with abated allergic and autoimmune reactions. At the cellular level, infection is accompanied by expanded regulatory T cell populations, skewed dendritic cell and macrophage phenotypes, B cell hyperstimulation and multiple localised changes within the intestinal environment. In most mouse strains, these act to block protective Th2 immunity. The molecular basis of parasite interactions with the host immune system centres upon secreted products termed HES (H. polygyrus excretory–secretory antigen), which include a TGF-β-like ligand that induces de novo regulatory T cells, factors that modify innate inflammatory responses, and molecules that block allergy in vivo. Proteomic and transcriptomic definition of parasite proteins, combined with biochemical identification of immunogenic molecules in resistant mice, will provide new candidate immunomodulators and vaccine antigens for future research.
ISSN:	0014-4894 1090-2449