Geobiology reveals how human kidney stones dissolve in vivo

More than 10% of the global human population is now afflicted with kidney stones, which are commonly associated with other significant health problems including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Nearly 70% of these stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, a mineral previously assumed to b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports 2018-09, Vol.8 (1), p.13731-9, Article 13731
Main Authors:	Sivaguru, Mayandi, Saw, Jessica J, Williams, Jr, James C, Lieske, John C, Krambeck, Amy E, Romero, Michael F, Chia, Nicholas, Schwaderer, Andrew L, Alcalde, Reinaldo E, Bruce, William J, Wildman, Derek E, Fried, Glenn A, Werth, Charles J, Reeder, Richard J, Yau, Peter M, Sanford, Robert A, Fouke, Bruce W
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate - adverse effects Calcium Oxalate - chemistry Calculi Crystallization Diabetes mellitus Dissolution Geobiology Geology Humans Kidney - chemistry Kidney - diagnostic imaging Kidney - pathology Kidney - ultrastructure Kidney Calculi - chemistry Kidney Calculi - pathology Kidney Calculi - therapy Kidney Calculi - ultrastructure Kidney stones Kidneys Microscopy, Confocal Mineralization Minerals Minerals - chemistry Nephrolithiasis Organic matter Oxalic acid
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Summary:	More than 10% of the global human population is now afflicted with kidney stones, which are commonly associated with other significant health problems including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Nearly 70% of these stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, a mineral previously assumed to be effectively insoluble within the kidney. This has limited currently available treatment options to painful passage and/or invasive surgical procedures. We analyze kidney stone thin sections with a combination of optical techniques, which include bright field, polarization, confocal and super-resolution nanometer-scale auto-fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate using interdisciplinary geology and biology (geobiology) approaches that calcium oxalate stones undergo multiple events of dissolution as they crystallize and grow within the kidney. These observations open a fundamentally new paradigm for clinical approaches that include in vivo stone dissolution and identify high-frequency layering of organic matter and minerals as a template for biomineralization in natural and engineered settings.
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322