mTOR-Mediated Regulation of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential antigen-presenting cells that sample the extra- and intracellular milieu to process antigens for the instruction of T cell responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network senses environmental cues and is important for numerous cellular processes. This...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in immunology 2016-11, Vol.37 (11), p.778-789
Main Authors: Sukhbaatar, Nyamdelger, Hengstschläger, Markus, Weichhart, Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antigen Presentation
Antigens
Apoptosis
Cell culture
Cell Differentiation
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Growth factors
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Kinases
Ligands
Lymphocyte Activation
Lymphocytes
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
Metabolism
Metabolites
Models, Immunological
Multiprotein Complexes - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Receptor Cross-Talk
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - metabolism
Regulation
Respiration
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential antigen-presenting cells that sample the extra- and intracellular milieu to process antigens for the instruction of T cell responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network senses environmental cues and is important for numerous cellular processes. This review discusses how DCs use mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and 2) to adapt their cellular metabolism, transcriptional responses, and translation machinery to control DC development, antigen processing, cytokine production, and T cell stimulation. We present a spatiotemporal model suggesting that the mTOR network integrates pattern recognition and growth factor receptor activation with nutritional information from the cell and surrounding tissue to support T cell stimulation and tolerance. mTOR develops into a central player that regulates DC differentiation and immune functions.
ISSN:1471-4906
1471-4981
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2016.08.009