Overview of Cadmium Thyroid Disrupting Effects and Mechanisms

Humans are exposed to a significant number of chemicals that are suspected to produce disturbances in hormone homeostasis. Hence, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in endocrine disruptive chemicals. One of the alleged thyroid disrupting substances is cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous tox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2018-05, Vol.19 (5), p.1501
Main Authors: Buha, Aleksandra, Matovic, Vesna, Antonijevic, Biljana, Bulat, Zorica, Curcic, Marijana, Renieri, Elisavet A, Tsatsakis, Aristidis M, Schweitzer, Amie, Wallace, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Biocompatibility
Cadmium
Carcinogens
Cell proliferation
Disruption
Endocrine disruptors
Exposure
Homeostasis
In vitro methods and tests
In vivo methods and tests
Organic chemistry
Review
Thyroid
Thyroid gland
Tumors
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Summary:Humans are exposed to a significant number of chemicals that are suspected to produce disturbances in hormone homeostasis. Hence, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in endocrine disruptive chemicals. One of the alleged thyroid disrupting substances is cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous toxic metal shown to act as a thyroid disruptor and carcinogen in both animals and humans. Multiple PubMed searches with core keywords were performed to identify and evaluate appropriate studies which revealed literature suggesting evidence for the link between exposure to Cd and histological and metabolic changes in the thyroid gland. Furthermore, Cd influence on thyroid homeostasis at the peripheral level has also been hypothesized. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that a Cd exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations results in biphasic Cd dose-thyroid response relationships. Development of thyroid tumors following exposure to Cd has been studied mainly using in vitro methodologies. In the thyroid, Cd has been shown to activate or stimulate the activity of various factors, leading to increased cell proliferation and a reduction in normal apoptotic activity. Evidence establishing the association between Cd and thyroid disruption remains ambiguous, with further studies needed to elucidate the issue and improve our understanding of Cd-mediated effects on the thyroid gland.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19051501