Impact of Pdx1-associated chromatin modifiers on islet β-cells

Diabetes mellitus arises from insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β‐cells. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), β‐cell dysfunction is associated with inactivation and/or loss of transcription factor (TF) activity, including Pdx1. Notably, this particular TF is viewed as a master regulator of p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes, obesity & metabolism obesity & metabolism, 2016-09, Vol.18 (S1), p.123-127
Main Authors: Spaeth, J. M., Walker, E. M., Stein, R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Beta cells
Chromatin
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly - genetics
coregulators
Diabetes
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
DNA Methylation - genetics
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation - genetics
Histone Code - genetics
Histones
Homeodomain Proteins - genetics
Humans
Insulin secretion
Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism
islet-enriched transcription factors
Mice
Nucleosomes
Pdx1
Trans-Activators - genetics
type 2 diabetes
β-cell dysfunction
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus arises from insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β‐cells. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), β‐cell dysfunction is associated with inactivation and/or loss of transcription factor (TF) activity, including Pdx1. Notably, this particular TF is viewed as a master regulator of pancreas development and islet β‐cell formation, identity and function. TFs, like Pdx1, recruit coregulators to transduce activating and/or repressing signals to the general transcriptional machinery for controlling gene expression, including modifiers of DNA, histones and nucleosome architecture. These coregulators impart a secondary layer of control that can be exploited to modulate TF activity. In this review, we describe Pdx1‐recruited coregulators that impact chromatin structure, consequently influencing normal β‐cell function and likely Pdx1 activity in pathophysiological settings.
ISSN:1462-8902
1463-1326
DOI:10.1111/dom.12730