Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on human periodontal ligament cells: in vitro study

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly treated with surgical and nonsurgical techniques. However, both approaches have limitations. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in reducing inflammatory reactions, and research indicates that LLLT induces an a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Lasers in medical science 2018-04, Vol.33 (3), p.469-477
Main Authors:	Lee, Ji-Hua, Chiang, Min-Hsuan, Chen, Ping-Ho, Ho, Mei-Ling, Lee, Huey-Er, Wang, Yan-Hsiung
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adenine - analogs & derivatives Adenine - pharmacology Adenosine monophosphate Aluminum Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Arsenides Cell Death - radiation effects Cell Survival - radiation effects Cyclic AMP Cyclic AMP - metabolism Cytokines Cytokines - metabolism Dentistry E coli Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Flux density Gallium Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - radiation effects Humans Inflammation - genetics Inflammation - pathology Inflammation Mediators - metabolism Interleukin Interleukin 6 Interleukin 8 Intracellular Intracellular levels Irradiation Lasers Level (quantity) Lipopolysaccharides Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology Low-Level Light Therapy Medicine Medicine & Public Health NF-kappa B - genetics NF-kappa B - metabolism NF-κB protein Nuclear reactions Optical Devices Optics Original Original Article Periodontal disease Periodontal ligament Periodontal Ligament - pathology Periodontal Ligament - radiation effects Photonics Polymerase chain reaction Quantum Optics Surgery Therapy Transcription, Genetic - drug effects Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Summary:	Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly treated with surgical and nonsurgical techniques. However, both approaches have limitations. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in reducing inflammatory reactions, and research indicates that LLLT induces an anti-inflammatory effect that may enhance periodontal disease therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLT on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in an inflammatory environment and aimed to determine the possible mechanism of action. Cells were cultured and treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphryromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli , followed by irradiation with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (660 nm) at an energy density of 8 J/cm 2 . Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to examine nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to monitor the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Both LPS treatments significantly induced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, LLLT inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and elevated intracellular levels of cAMP. The LLLT inhibitory effect may function by downregulating NF-κB transcriptional activity and by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP. LLLT might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in hPDLCs through cAMP/NF-κB regulation. These results should be further studied to improve periodontal therapy.
ISSN:	0268-8921 1435-604X