Nonsense in the testis: multiple roles for nonsense-mediated decay revealed in male reproduction

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or NMD, is a quality control mechanism that identifies cytoplasmic mRNAs containing translational termination (stop) codons in specific contexts—either premature termination codons or unusually long 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)—and targets them for degradation. In rec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology of reproduction 2017-05, Vol.96 (5), p.939-947
Main Authors: MacDonald, Clinton C, Grozdanov, Petar N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3' Untranslated Regions - genetics
3′ untranslated region
Animals
chromatoid body
Codon, Nonsense
Humans
Male
mRNAprocessing
Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay - genetics
nonsense-mediated decay
premature stop codon
Review
Sertoli cell
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis - genetics
testis
Testis - metabolism
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Summary:Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or NMD, is a quality control mechanism that identifies cytoplasmic mRNAs containing translational termination (stop) codons in specific contexts—either premature termination codons or unusually long 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)—and targets them for degradation. In recent studies, researchers in different labs have knocked out important genes involved in NMD, the up-frameshift genes Upf2 and Upf3a, and one component of chromatoid bodies, the Tudor domain-containing protein Tdrd6, and examined the consequences for spermatogenesis. Disruption of Upf2 during early stages of spermatogenesis resulted in disappearance of nearly all spermatogenic cells through loss of NMD. However, disruption of Upf2 during postmeiotic stages resulted in decreased long 3′ UTR-mediated NMD but no interruption of exon junction-associated NMD. This difference in NMD targeting is possibly due to increased expression of Upf3a in postmeiotic germ cells that antagonizes the functions of Upf3b and somehow favors long 3′ UTR-mediated NMD. Tying these all together, loss of Tdrd6, a structural component of the germ cell-specific cytoplasmic structures called chromatoid bodies, also resulted in loss of long 3′ UTR-mediated NMD by interfering with UPF1/UPF2 interactions, delocalizing UPF1, and destroying chromatoid body integrity. These results suggest that chromatoid bodies play a specialized role in modulating the NMD machinery in postmeiotic spermatids. Summary Sentence Nonsense-mediated decay is how cells eliminate mRNAs having premature stop codons or long 3′ untranslated regions. Recent findings in male germ cells uncover new mechanisms for nonsensemediated decay that shine light on existing models.
ISSN:0006-3363
1529-7268
DOI:10.1093/biolre/iox033