Fear and distress disorders as predictors of heart disease: A temporal perspective

Abstract Objective Few studies have been able to contrast associations of anxiety and depression with heart disease. These disorders can be grouped in fear and distress disorders. Aim of this study was to study the association between fear and distress disorders with subsequent heart disease, taking...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of psychosomatic research 2017-05, Vol.96, p.67-75
Main Authors: Roest, A.M, de Jonge, P, Lim, C.W.W, Stein, D.J, Al-Hamzawi, A, Alonso, J, Benjet, C, Bruffaerts, R, Bunting, B, Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M, Ciutan, M, de Girolamo, G, Hu, C, Levinson, D, Nakamura, Y, Navarro-Mateu, F, Piazza, M, Posada-Villa, J, Torres, Y, Wojtyniak, B, Kessler, R.C, Scott, K.M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age of onset
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders - complications
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Classification
Comorbidity
Cor
Coronary artery disease
Depression
Depressive Disorder - complications
Depressió psíquica
Distress
Emotional disorders
Fear
Fear & phobias
Heart disease
Heart diseases
Heart Diseases - complications
Heart Diseases - epidemiology
Heart Diseases - psychology
Humans
Malalties
Mental depression
Mental health
Myocardial infarction
Por
Prevalence
Prospective studies
Psychiatry
Psychological distress
Risk
Self Report
Temporal variations
Time Factors
Timing
Trastorns d'ansietat
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Summary:Abstract Objective Few studies have been able to contrast associations of anxiety and depression with heart disease. These disorders can be grouped in fear and distress disorders. Aim of this study was to study the association between fear and distress disorders with subsequent heart disease, taking into account the temporal order of disorders. Methods Twenty household surveys were conducted in 18 countries ( n = 53791; person years = 2,212,430). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed lifetime prevalence and age at onset of disorders, and respondents were categorized into categories based on the presence and timing of fear and distress disorders. Heart disease was indicated by self-report of physician-diagnosed heart disease or self-report of heart attack, together with year of onset. Survival analyses estimated associations between disorder categories and heart disease. Results Most respondents with fear or distress disorders had either pure distress or pure fear (8.5% and 7.7% of total sample), while fear preceded distress in the large majority of respondents with comorbid fear and distress (3.8% of total sample). Compared to the “no fear or distress disorder” category, respondents with pure fear disorder had the highest odds of subsequent heart disease (OR:1.8; 95%CI:1.5–2.2; p < 0.001) and compared to respondents with pure distress disorder, these respondents were at a significantly increased risk of heart disease (OR:1.3; 95%CI:1.0–1.6; p = 0.020). Conclusion This novel analytic approach indicates that the risk of subsequent self-reported heart disease associated with pure fear disorder is significantly larger than the risk associated with distress disorder. These results should be confirmed in prospective studies using objective measures of heart disease.
ISSN:0022-3999
1879-1360
DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.015