Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

Over 100 types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5′ cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA play key roles in regulation, internal modifications are gaining attention for their roles in mRNA metabolism. The most abundant internal mRNA modific...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell 2017-06, Vol.169 (7), p.1187-1200
Main Authors: Roundtree, Ian A., Evans, Molly E., Pan, Tao, He, Chuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Nucleotides - chemistry
Nucleotides - metabolism
RNA - chemistry
RNA - genetics
RNA - metabolism
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
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Summary:Over 100 types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5′ cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA play key roles in regulation, internal modifications are gaining attention for their roles in mRNA metabolism. The most abundant internal mRNA modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and identification of proteins that install, recognize, and remove this and other marks have revealed roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Abundant noncoding RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and spliceosomal RNAs are also heavily modified and depend on the modifications for their biogenesis and function. Our understanding of the biological contributions of these different chemical modifications is beginning to take shape, but it’s clear that in both coding and noncoding RNAs, dynamic modifications represent a new layer of control of genetic information. Post-transcriptional modification of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs introduces a layer of control over stability and function that shapes the functional proteome.
ISSN:0092-8674
1097-4172
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.045