Physiology, phylogeny, early evolution, and GAPDH

The chloroplast and cytosol of plant cells harbor a number of parallel biochemical reactions germane to the Calvin cycle and glycolysis, respectively. These reactions are catalyzed by nuclear encoded, compartment-specific isoenzymes that differ in their physiochemical properties. The chloroplast cyt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Protoplasma 2017-09, Vol.254 (5), p.1823-1834
Main Authors: Martin, William F., Cerff, Rüdiger
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases - genetics
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases - metabolism
Humans
Life Sciences
Mitochondria - genetics
Mitochondria - metabolism
Phylogeny
Plant Sciences
Plastids - enzymology
Review
Review Article
Symbiosis - genetics
Symbiosis - physiology
Zoology
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Summary:The chloroplast and cytosol of plant cells harbor a number of parallel biochemical reactions germane to the Calvin cycle and glycolysis, respectively. These reactions are catalyzed by nuclear encoded, compartment-specific isoenzymes that differ in their physiochemical properties. The chloroplast cytosol isoenzymes of d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) harbor evidence of major events in the history of life: the origin of the first genes, the bacterial-archaeal split, the origin of eukaryotes, the evolution of protein compartmentation during eukaryote evolution, the origin of plastids, and the secondary endosymbiosis among the algae with complex plastids. The reaction mechanism of GAPDH entails phosphorolysis of a thioester to yield an energy-rich acyl phosphate bond, a chemistry that points to primitive pathways of energy conservation that existed even before the origin of the first free-living cells. Here, we recount the main insights that chloroplast and cytosolic GAPDH provided into endosymbiosis and physiological evolution.
ISSN:0033-183X
1615-6102
DOI:10.1007/s00709-017-1095-y