The impact of detergents on the tissue decellularization process: A ToF-SIMS study

[Display omitted] Biologic scaffolds are derived from mammalian tissues, which must be decellularized to remove cellular antigens that would otherwise incite an adverse immune response. Although widely used clinically, the optimum balance between cell removal and the disruption of matrix architectur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta biomaterialia 2017-03, Vol.50, p.207-219
Main Authors: White, Lisa J., Taylor, Adam J., Faulk, Denver M., Keane, Timothy J., Saldin, Lindsey T., Reing, Janet E., Swinehart, Ilea T., Turner, Neill J., Ratner, Buddy D., Badylak, Stephen F .
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens
Architecture
Biologic scaffold
Decellularization
Detergents
Detergents - chemistry
Disruption
Extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix - chemistry
Fragmentation
Fragments
Immune response
Immune system
Ligands
Mass spectroscopy
Phosphates
Phosphocholine
Scaffolds
Secondary ion mass spectroscopy
Sodium
Sodium deoxycholate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Spectroscopic analysis
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Swine
Tissues
ToF-SIMS
Urinary Bladder - chemistry
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Summary:[Display omitted] Biologic scaffolds are derived from mammalian tissues, which must be decellularized to remove cellular antigens that would otherwise incite an adverse immune response. Although widely used clinically, the optimum balance between cell removal and the disruption of matrix architecture and surface ligand landscape remains a considerable challenge. Here we describe the use of time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to provide sensitive, molecular specific, localized analysis of detergent decellularized biologic scaffolds. We detected residual detergent fragments, specifically from Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in decellularized scaffolds; increased SDS concentrations from 0.1% to 1.0% increased both the intensity of SDS fragments and adverse cell outcomes. We also identified cellular remnants, by detecting phosphate and phosphocholine ions in PAA and CHAPS decellularized scaffolds. The present study demonstrates ToF-SIMS is not only a powerful tool for characterization of biologic scaffold surface molecular functionality, but also enables sensitive assessment of decellularization efficacy. We report here on the use of a highly sensitive analytical technique, time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to characterize detergent decellularized scaffolds. ToF-SIMS detected cellular remnants and residual detergent fragments; increased intensity of the detergent fragments correlated with adverse cell matrix interactions. This study demonstrates the importance of maintaining a balance between cell removal and detergent disruption of matrix architecture and matrix surface ligand landscape. This study also demonstrates the power of ToF-SIMS for the characterization of decellularized scaffolds and capability for assessment of decellularization efficacy. Future use of biologic scaffolds in clinical tissue reconstruction will benefit from the fundamental results described in this work.
ISSN:1742-7061
1878-7568
DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.033