Differential pulmonary effects of wintertime California and China particulate matter in healthy young mice

[Display omitted] Lung toxicity testing for PM2.5 samples, on an equal mass basis, collected during the winter-time from urban regions of China and California and analyzed for: •Chemical composition.•Bronchoalveolar lavage-cell differential.•Lung cytokine and chemokine levels.•Lung histopathology. D...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology letters 2017-08, Vol.278, p.1-8
Main Authors: Sun, Xiaolin, Wei, Haiying, Young, Dominique E., Bein, Keith J., Smiley-Jewell, Suzette M., Zhang, Qi, Fulgar, Ciara Catherine B., Castañeda, Alejandro R., Pham, Alexa K., Li, Wei, Pinkerton, Kent E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Animals
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology
California
Chemokine CXCL1 - metabolism
Chemokines
China
Cytokines
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Inflammation
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects
Lung
Lung - drug effects
Lung - immunology
Lung - metabolism
Lung - pathology
Male
Mass Spectrometry - methods
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neutrophil Infiltration - drug effects
Neutrophils - drug effects
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - metabolism
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Particle Size
Particulate Matter - toxicity
Pneumonia - chemically induced
Pneumonia - immunology
Pneumonia - metabolism
Pneumonia - pathology
Seasons
Time Factors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
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Summary:[Display omitted] Lung toxicity testing for PM2.5 samples, on an equal mass basis, collected during the winter-time from urban regions of China and California and analyzed for: •Chemical composition.•Bronchoalveolar lavage-cell differential.•Lung cytokine and chemokine levels.•Lung histopathology. Demonstrated a significantly greater toxicity of California PM compared to that of China PM that appears to be driven by a higher level of oxidized organic carbon and possibly greater copper content of California PM compared to China PM. Airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse cardiorespiratory effects. To better understand source-orientated PM toxicity, a comparative study of the biological effects of fine PM (diameter≤2.5μm, PM2.5) collected during the winter season from Shanxi Province, China, and the Central Valley, California, United States, was conducted. The overarching hypothesis for this study was to test whether the chemical composition of PM on an equal mass basis from two urban areas, one in China and one in California, can lead to significantly different effects of acute toxicity and inflammation in the lungs of healthy young mice. Male, 8-week old BALB/C mice received a single 50μg dose of vehicle, Taiyuan PM or Sacramento PM by oropharyngeal aspiration and were sacrificed 24h later. Bronchoalveolar lavage, ELISA and histopathology were performed along with chemical analysis of PM composition. Sacramento PM had a greater proportion of oxidized organic material, significantly increased neutrophil numbers and elevated CXCL-1 and TNF-α protein levels compared to the Taiyuan PM. The findings suggest that Sacramento PM2.5 was associated with a greater inflammatory response compared to that of Taiyuan PM2.5 that may be due to a higher oxidice. Male, 8-week old BALB/C mice received a single 50μg dose of vehicle, Taiyuan PM or Sacramento PM by oropharyngeal aspiration and were sacrificed 24h later. Bronchoalveolar lavage, ELISA and histopathology were performed along with chemical analysis of PM composition. Sacramento PM had a greater proportion of oxidized organic material, significantly increased neutrophil numbers and elevated CXCL-1 and TNF-α protein levels compared to the Taiyuan PM. The findings suggest that Sacramento PM2.5 was associated with a greater inflammatory response compared to that of Taiyuan PM2.5 that may be due to a higher oxidized state of organic carbon and copper content.
ISSN:0378-4274
1879-3169
DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.853