Sirt3 Impairment and SOD2 Hyperacetylation in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension

RATIONALE:Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 expression declines by 40% by age 65 paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 due to increased NADH and acetyl-CoA levels. Sirt3 impairment reduces the activity of a key mitochondrial antiox...

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Published in:Circulation research 2017-08, Vol.121 (5), p.564-574
Main Authors: Dikalova, Anna E, Itani, Hana A, Nazarewicz, Rafal R, McMaster, William G, Flynn, Charles R, Uzhachenko, Roman, Fessel, Joshua P, Gamboa, Jorge L, Harrison, David G, Dikalov, Sergey I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Adenine
Angiotensin
Angiotensin II
Animals
Antioxidants
Blood pressure
Catalase
Cells, Cultured
Humans
Hydrogen peroxide
Hypertension
Hypertension - genetics
Hypertension - metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Mitochondria
NAD
NADH
Nicotinamide
Nitric oxide
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Rodents
Sirtuin 3 - genetics
Sirtuin 3 - metabolism
Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide Dismutase - genetics
Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism
Vasodilation
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Summary:RATIONALE:Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 expression declines by 40% by age 65 paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 due to increased NADH and acetyl-CoA levels. Sirt3 impairment reduces the activity of a key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), due to hyperacetylation. OBJECTIVE:In this study we examined if loss of Sirt3 activity increases vascular oxidative stress due to SOD2 hyperacetylation and promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS:Hypertension was markedly increased in Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3) and SOD2 depleted (SOD2) mice in response to low dose of angiotensin II (0.3 mg/kg/day) compared with wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Sirt3 depletion increased SOD2 acetylation, elevated mitochondrial O2•, and diminished endothelial nitric oxide. Angiotensin II induced hypertension was associated with Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, acetylation of vascular SOD2 and reduced SOD2 activity. Scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice prevented Sirt3 and SOD2 impairment and attenuated hypertension. Treatment of mice after onset of hypertension with a mitochondria-targeted H2O2 scavenger, mitoEbselen, reduced Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, diminished SOD2 acetylation and reduced blood pressure in wild-type but not in Sirt3 mice while an SOD2 mimetic, mitoTEMPO, reduced blood pressure and improved vasorelaxation both in Sirt3 and wild type mice. SOD2 acetylation had an inverse correlation with SOD2 activity and a direct correlation with the severity of hypertension. Analysis of human subjects with essential hypertension showed 2.6-fold increase in SOD2 acetylation and 1.4-fold decrease in Sirt3 levels while SOD2 expression was not affected. CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggest that diminished Sirt3 expression and redox inactivation of Sirt3 lead to SOD2 inactivation and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
ISSN:0009-7330
1524-4571
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310933