Effects of social adversity and HIV on subcortical shape and neurocognitive function

The purpose of the current study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of social adversity (SA) and HIV infection on subcortical shape alterations and cognitive functions. Participants included HIV+ ( n  = 70) and HIV- ( n  = 23) individuals who underwent MRI, neurocognitive and cli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain imaging and behavior 2018-02, Vol.12 (1), p.96-108
Main Authors: Thames, April D., Kuhn, Taylor P., Mahmood, Zanjbeel, Bilder, Robert M., Williamson, Timothy J., Singer, Elyse J., Arentoft, Alyssa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Amygdala
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Children
Cognition
Cognitive ability
Deformation
Disease Susceptibility
Female
Functional Laterality
Hippocampus
HIV
HIV Infections - diagnostic imaging
HIV Infections - psychology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Learning
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Memory
Middle Aged
Neuroimaging
Neuropsychological Tests
Neuropsychology
Neuroradiology
Neurosciences
Original Research
Prejudice
Psychiatry
Regression Analysis
Shape memory
Socioeconomic Factors
Statistical analysis
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult
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Summary:The purpose of the current study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of social adversity (SA) and HIV infection on subcortical shape alterations and cognitive functions. Participants included HIV+ ( n  = 70) and HIV- ( n  = 23) individuals who underwent MRI, neurocognitive and clinical assessment, in addition to completing questionnaires from which responses were used to create an SA score. Bilateral amygdalae and hippocampi were extracted from T1-weighted images. Parametric statistical analyses were used to compare the radial distance of the structure surface to a median curve to determine the presence of localized shape differences as a function of HIV, SA and their interaction. Next, multiple regression was used to examine the interactive association between HIV and SA with cognitive performance data. An HIV*SA interactive effect was found on the shape of the right amygdala and left hippocampus. Specifically, HIV-infected participants (but not HIV-uninfected controls) who evidenced higher levels of SA displayed an inward deformation of the surface consistent with reduced volume of these structures. We found interactive effects of HIV and SA on learning/memory performance. These results suggest that HIV+ individuals may be more vulnerable to neurological and cognitive changes in the hippocampus and amygdala as a function of SA than HIV- individuals, and that SA indicators of childhood SES and perceived racial discrimination are important components of adversity that are associated with cognitive performance.
ISSN:1931-7557
1931-7565
DOI:10.1007/s11682-017-9676-0