Mesenchymal–epithelial interactions during digestive tract development and epithelial stem cell regeneration

The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with specific differentiation patterns along the anterior–posterior and dorso-ventral axes of asymmetry. It is derived from all three germ layers and their cross-talk is important for the regulated development of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2015-10, Vol.72 (20), p.3883-3896
Main Authors: Le Guen, Ludovic, Marchal, Stéphane, Faure, Sandrine, de Santa Barbara, Pascal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adults
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cell Communication
Cell Differentiation
Digestive system
digestive tract
epithelial cells
epithelium
fetal development
Gastrointestinal diseases
gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal Tract - cytology
Gastrointestinal Tract - embryology
Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa - cytology
Intestinal Mucosa - embryology
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Life Sciences
Mesoderm - cytology
Mesoderm - embryology
Mesoderm - metabolism
morphogenesis
myocytes
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - cytology
Nervous system
Review
Signal Transduction
Smooth muscle
Stem cells
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transcription Factors - physiology
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Summary:The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with specific differentiation patterns along the anterior–posterior and dorso-ventral axes of asymmetry. It is derived from all three germ layers and their cross-talk is important for the regulated development of fetal and adult gastrointestinal structures and organs. Signals from the adjacent mesoderm are essential for the morphogenesis of the overlying epithelium. These mesenchymal–epithelial interactions govern the development and regionalization of the different gastrointestinal epithelia and involve most of the key morphogens and signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog, BMPs, Notch, WNT, HOX, SOX and FOXF cascades. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying mesenchyme differentiation into smooth muscle cells influence the regionalization of the gastrointestinal epithelium through interactions with the enteric nervous system. In the neonatal and adult gastrointestinal tract, mesenchymal–epithelial interactions are essential for the maintenance of the epithelial regionalization and digestive epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions is also associated with bowel dysfunction potentially leading to epithelial tumor development. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of the mesenchymal–epithelial interactions observed during digestive epithelium development and differentiation and also during epithelial stem cell regeneration.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1975-2