Dietary Protein Modifies the Effect of the MC4R Genotype on 2-Year Changes in Appetite and Food Craving: The POUNDS Lost Trial123
Background: The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior. Variants in the MC4R gene have been related to appetite and obesity. Objective: We aimed to examine whether weight-loss diets modified the effect of the “obesity-predisposing” MC4R...
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| Published in: | The Journal of nutrition 2017-02, Vol.147 (3), p.439-444 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | eng |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Background:
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior. Variants in the
MC4R
gene have been related to appetite and obesity.
Objective:
We aimed to examine whether weight-loss diets modified the effect of the “obesity-predisposing”
MC4R
genotype on appetite-related measures in a randomized controlled trial.
Methods:
A total of 811 overweight and obese subjects [25 ≤ body mass index (BMI; kg/m
2
) ≤ 40] aged 30–70 y were included in the 2-y POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) trial. We genotyped
MC4R
rs7227255 in 735 overweight adults and assessed appetite-related characteristics, including craving, fullness, hunger, and prospective consumption, as well as a composite appetite score. We examined the effects of the genotype-by-weight-loss diet intervention interaction on appetite variables by using general linear models in both the whole population and in white participants only.
Results:
We found that dietary protein intake (low compared with high: 15% of energy compared with 25% of energy, respectively) significantly modified
MC4R
genetic effects on changes in appetite score and craving (
P
-interaction = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) at 2 y, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline BMI, weight change, and baseline perspective phenotype. The obesity-predisposing A allele was associated with a greater increase in overall appetite score (β = 0.10,
P
= 0.05) and craving (β = 0.13,
P
= 0.008) compared with the non-A allele among participants who consumed a high-protein diet.
MC4R
genotype did not modify the effects of fat or carbohydrate intakes on appetite measures. Similar interaction patterns were observed in whites.
Conclusion:
Our data suggest that individuals with the
MC4R
rs7227255 A allele rather than the non-A allele might experience greater increases in appetite and food craving when consuming a high-protein weight-loss diet. This trial was registered at
clinicaltrials.gov
as NCT00072995. |
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| ISSN: | 0022-3166 1541-6100 |