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Light-emitting-diode induced retinal damage and its wavelength dependency in vivo
AIM: To examine light-emitting-diode(LED)-induced retinal neuronal cell damage and its wavelength-driven pathogenic mechanisms.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to blue LEDs(460 nm),green LEDs(530 nm),and red LEDs(620 nm).Electroretinography(ERG),Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining,transmiss...
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Published in: | International journal of ophthalmology 2017-02, Vol.10 (2), p.191-202 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | AIM: To examine light-emitting-diode(LED)-induced retinal neuronal cell damage and its wavelength-driven pathogenic mechanisms.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to blue LEDs(460 nm),green LEDs(530 nm),and red LEDs(620 nm).Electroretinography(ERG),Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL),and immunohistochemical(IHC) staining,Western blotting(WB) and the detection of superoxide anion(O2^-·),hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),total iron,and ferric(Fe^3+) levels were applied.RESULTS: ERG results showed the blue LED group induced more functional damage than that of green or red LED groups.H&E staining,TUNEL,IHC,and TEM revealed apoptosis and necrosis of photoreceptors and RPE,which indicated blue LED also induced more photochemical injury.Free radical production and iron-related molecular marker expressions demonstrated that oxidative stress and ironoverload were associated with retinal injury.WB assays correspondingly showed that defense gene expression was up-regulated after the LED light exposure with a wavelength dependency.CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that LED bluelight exposure poses a great risk of retinal injury in awake,task-oriented rod-dominant animals.The wavelengthdependent effect should be considered carefully when switching to LED lighting applications. |
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ISSN: | 2222-3959 2227-4898 |
DOI: | 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.03 |