Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D in immobilisation: Part A- Modulation of appendicular mass content, composition and structure

Objectives Muscle size decreases in response to short-term limb immobilisation. This study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would attenuate immobilisation-induced changes in muscle characteristics. Design The study used a ran...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition, health & aging health & aging, 2017-01, Vol.21 (1), p.51-58
Main Authors: Bostock, E. L., Morse, C. I., Winwood, K., McEwan, I. M., Onambélé-Pearson, Gladys L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiposity - drug effects
Adolescent
Adult
Aging
Body Composition
Dietary Supplements
Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage
Double-Blind Method
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage
Fatty acids
Female
Fish oils
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Humans
Immobilization
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Muscle function
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Musculoskeletal system
Neurosciences
Nutrition
Orthopedics
Primary Care Medicine
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Quality of Life Research
Sport science
Sports injuries
Vitamin D
Vitamin D - administration & dosage
Vitamin deficiency
Women
Young Adult
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Summary:Objectives Muscle size decreases in response to short-term limb immobilisation. This study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would attenuate immobilisation-induced changes in muscle characteristics. Design The study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Setting The study took part in a laboratory setting. Participants Twenty-four male and female healthy participants, aged 23.0±5.8 years. Intervention The non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (n=8, Lecithin, 2400 mg daily), omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (n=8, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); 1770 mg, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); 390 mg, daily) or vitamin D (n=8, 1,000 IU daily). Measurements Muscle and sub-cutaneous adipose thickness (B-mode ultrasonography), body composition (DXA) and arm girth (anthropometry) were measured before immobilisation, immediately on removal of the sling and two weeks after re-mobilisation. Results Muscle thickness (-5.4±4.3%), upper and lower arm girth (-1.3±0.4 and -0.8±0.8%, respectively), lean mass (-3.6±3.7%) and bone mineral content (BMC) (-2.3±1.5%) decreased significantly with limb immobilisation in the placebo group (P0.05) towards attenuating the decreases in muscle thickness, upper/lower arm girths and BMC observed in the placebo group. The ω-3 supplementation group demonstrated a non-significant attenuation of the decrease in DXA quantified lean mass observed in the placebo group. Sub-cutaneous adipose thickness increased in the placebo group (P
ISSN:1279-7707
1760-4788
DOI:10.1007/s12603-016-0710-5