Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity
PURPOSETo evaluate the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the reductions in lean mass, muscle strength, BMD, and VO2max that accompany modest weight loss induced by calorie restriction. METHODSOverweight, sedentary women and men (n=52, 45–65y) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by using calorie re...
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Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity |
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Weiss, Edward P Jordan, Richard C Frese, Ethel M Albert, Stewart G Villareal, Dennis T |
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Aged Body Mass Index Bone Density Caloric Restriction Energy Metabolism - physiology Exercise Therapy Humans Middle Aged Muscle Strength - physiology Overweight - therapy Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Conditioning, Human Weight Loss - physiology |
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Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2017-01, Vol.49 (1), p.206-217 |
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PURPOSETo evaluate the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the reductions in lean mass, muscle strength, BMD, and VO2max that accompany modest weight loss induced by calorie restriction.
METHODSOverweight, sedentary women and men (n=52, 45–65y) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by using calorie restriction (CR), endurance exercise (EX), or both (CREX). The CR and CREX groups underwent counseling to reduce energy intake by 20% and 10%, respectively. The EX and CREX groups exercised 7.4±0.5 and 4.4±0.5 hr/wk, respectively. Before and after 16.8±1.1 weeks of weight loss, lean mass and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, strength was measured with dynamometry, and aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured with indirect calorimetry during maximal-intensity treadmill exercise.
RESULTSWeight loss was ~7% in all groups. Decreases in whole body (~2%, p=0.003) and lower extremity (~4%, p |
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METHODSOverweight, sedentary women and men (n=52, 45–65y) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by using calorie restriction (CR), endurance exercise (EX), or both (CREX). The CR and CREX groups underwent counseling to reduce energy intake by 20% and 10%, respectively. The EX and CREX groups exercised 7.4±0.5 and 4.4±0.5 hr/wk, respectively. Before and after 16.8±1.1 weeks of weight loss, lean mass and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, strength was measured with dynamometry, and aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured with indirect calorimetry during maximal-intensity treadmill exercise.
RESULTSWeight loss was ~7% in all groups. Decreases in whole body (~2%, p=0.003) and lower extremity (~4%, p<0.0001) lean mass occurred in the CR group (both p<0.05). Despite similar weight loss, these reductions were attenuated in the CREX group (~1%, p=0.44 and ~2%, p=0.05, respectively) and absent in the EX group. Absolute aerobic capacity decreased ~6% in the CR group (p=0.04), was unchanged in the CREX group (p=0.28) and increased ~15% in the EX group (p<0.0001). No changes in muscle strength or bone were observed.
CONCLUSIONSModest weight loss (~7%) induced by 20% calorie restriction in overweight women and men decreases lean mass and reduces absolute VO2max. Exercise protects against these effects. While the CR-induced changes might be considered physiologically appropriate for a reduced body weight, exercise preserves and/or improves these parameters during weight loss, which likely improves physical function. These findings support the notion of using exercise as an important component of weight loss programs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001074</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27580151</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American College of Sports Medicine</publisher><subject>Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Caloric Restriction ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Strength - physiology ; Overweight - therapy ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Physical Conditioning, Human ; Weight Loss - physiology</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2017-01, Vol.49 (1), p.206-217</ispartof><rights>2016 American College of Sports Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5744-e258f03abe7f20dc04e5df8bab120be7c2946f2a5d99e67cd839a287194c49b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5744-e258f03abe7f20dc04e5df8bab120be7c2946f2a5d99e67cd839a287194c49b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,787,791,892,27985,27986</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27580151$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Weiss, Edward P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, Richard C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frese, Ethel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albert, Stewart G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villareal, Dennis T</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>PURPOSETo evaluate the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the reductions in lean mass, muscle strength, BMD, and VO2max that accompany modest weight loss induced by calorie restriction.
METHODSOverweight, sedentary women and men (n=52, 45–65y) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by using calorie restriction (CR), endurance exercise (EX), or both (CREX). The CR and CREX groups underwent counseling to reduce energy intake by 20% and 10%, respectively. The EX and CREX groups exercised 7.4±0.5 and 4.4±0.5 hr/wk, respectively. Before and after 16.8±1.1 weeks of weight loss, lean mass and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, strength was measured with dynamometry, and aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured with indirect calorimetry during maximal-intensity treadmill exercise.
RESULTSWeight loss was ~7% in all groups. Decreases in whole body (~2%, p=0.003) and lower extremity (~4%, p<0.0001) lean mass occurred in the CR group (both p<0.05). Despite similar weight loss, these reductions were attenuated in the CREX group (~1%, p=0.44 and ~2%, p=0.05, respectively) and absent in the EX group. Absolute aerobic capacity decreased ~6% in the CR group (p=0.04), was unchanged in the CREX group (p=0.28) and increased ~15% in the EX group (p<0.0001). No changes in muscle strength or bone were observed.
CONCLUSIONSModest weight loss (~7%) induced by 20% calorie restriction in overweight women and men decreases lean mass and reduces absolute VO2max. Exercise protects against these effects. While the CR-induced changes might be considered physiologically appropriate for a reduced body weight, exercise preserves and/or improves these parameters during weight loss, which likely improves physical function. These findings support the notion of using exercise as an important component of weight loss programs.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Bone Density</subject><subject>Caloric Restriction</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise Therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscle Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Overweight - therapy</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Human</subject><subject>Weight Loss - physiology</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><issn>1530-0315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS0EotvCN0DIRw6b4vGfJL4glVUplbbisCCOluOMN4FsvNheqn57jLZUhQO-jOz5zRvrPUJeATsHLvXbm83mnD06wBr5hCxACVYxAeopWTDQqtIg4IScpvStQI0Q8Jyc8Ea1DBQsyPWl9-hyosHTrzhuh0zXIZXrTNdoZ3pjU1rSTY44b_OwpO_DjEtq555eYAzd6OjK7q0b890L8szbKeHL-3pGvny4_Lz6WK0_XV2vLtaVU42UFXLVeiZsh43nrHdMoup929kOOCuPjmtZe25VrzXWjetboS1vG9DSSd1xcUbeHXX3h26HvcM5RzuZfRx3Nt6ZYEfzd2ceB7MNP42CGmqlisCbe4EYfhwwZbMbk8NpsjOGQzLQClU3SmtWUHlEXSymRPQPa4CZ3ymYkoL5N4Uy9vrxFx-G_thegPYI3IYpY0zfp8MtRjOgnfLwf-1f0nmTCw</recordid><startdate>20170101</startdate><enddate>20170101</enddate><creator>Weiss, Edward P</creator><creator>Jordan, Richard C</creator><creator>Frese, Ethel M</creator><creator>Albert, Stewart G</creator><creator>Villareal, Dennis T</creator><general>American College of Sports Medicine</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170101</creationdate><title>Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity</title><author>Weiss, Edward P ; Jordan, Richard C ; Frese, Ethel M ; Albert, Stewart G ; Villareal, Dennis T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5744-e258f03abe7f20dc04e5df8bab120be7c2946f2a5d99e67cd839a287194c49b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Bone Density</topic><topic>Caloric Restriction</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise Therapy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscle Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Overweight - therapy</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Human</topic><topic>Weight Loss - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Weiss, Edward P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, Richard C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frese, Ethel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albert, Stewart G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villareal, Dennis T</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Weiss, Edward P</au><au>Jordan, Richard C</au><au>Frese, Ethel M</au><au>Albert, Stewart G</au><au>Villareal, Dennis T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>206</spage><epage>217</epage><pages>206-217</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><eissn>1530-0315</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-News-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-3</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>PURPOSETo evaluate the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the reductions in lean mass, muscle strength, BMD, and VO2max that accompany modest weight loss induced by calorie restriction.
METHODSOverweight, sedentary women and men (n=52, 45–65y) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by using calorie restriction (CR), endurance exercise (EX), or both (CREX). The CR and CREX groups underwent counseling to reduce energy intake by 20% and 10%, respectively. The EX and CREX groups exercised 7.4±0.5 and 4.4±0.5 hr/wk, respectively. Before and after 16.8±1.1 weeks of weight loss, lean mass and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, strength was measured with dynamometry, and aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured with indirect calorimetry during maximal-intensity treadmill exercise.
RESULTSWeight loss was ~7% in all groups. Decreases in whole body (~2%, p=0.003) and lower extremity (~4%, p<0.0001) lean mass occurred in the CR group (both p<0.05). Despite similar weight loss, these reductions were attenuated in the CREX group (~1%, p=0.44 and ~2%, p=0.05, respectively) and absent in the EX group. Absolute aerobic capacity decreased ~6% in the CR group (p=0.04), was unchanged in the CREX group (p=0.28) and increased ~15% in the EX group (p<0.0001). No changes in muscle strength or bone were observed.
CONCLUSIONSModest weight loss (~7%) induced by 20% calorie restriction in overweight women and men decreases lean mass and reduces absolute VO2max. Exercise protects against these effects. While the CR-induced changes might be considered physiologically appropriate for a reduced body weight, exercise preserves and/or improves these parameters during weight loss, which likely improves physical function. These findings support the notion of using exercise as an important component of weight loss programs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American College of Sports Medicine</pub><pmid>27580151</pmid><doi>10.1249/MSS.0000000000001074</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |