Expression profile of SPACA5/Spaca5 in spermatogenesis and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

The majority of bladder cancer-associated mortalities are due to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which is the most prevalent and chemoresistant malignancy of the bladder. Sperm acrosome associated 5 (SPACA5)/Spaca5 is a sperm acrosome-associated, c-type lysozyme-like protein that has been recentl...

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Published in:Oncology letters 2016-11, Vol.12 (5), p.3731-3738
Main Authors: Zhang, Xiao-Yue, Yan, Qiu-Xia, Guo, Xiao-Yan, Chen, Cai-Rong, Chen, Run-Qiang, Cai, Zhi-Ming, Tang, Ai-Fa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenocarcinoma
Antigens
Bladder cancer
cancer testis antigens
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Cellular biology
Cellular proteins
Chemotherapy
Chromosomes
Development and progression
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Immunotherapy
Laboratory animals
Melanoma
Musculoskeletal system
Oncology
Polymerase chain reaction
Protein expression
Proteins
Sperm
sperm acrosome associated 5
Spermatogenesis
transitional cell carcinoma
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
Urine
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Summary:The majority of bladder cancer-associated mortalities are due to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which is the most prevalent and chemoresistant malignancy of the bladder. Sperm acrosome associated 5 (SPACA5)/Spaca5 is a sperm acrosome-associated, c-type lysozyme-like protein that has been recently identified, and has been designated as an attractive candidate antigen for cancer testis. In the present study, the expression profile of SPACA5/Spaca5 was analyzed in spermatogenesis and TCC of the bladder using diverse molecular and cellular biology methods. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze the multi-tissue distribution and temporal expression of SPACA5/Spaca5, the SPACA5/Spaca5 gene was determined to be generally not expressed in normal tissue, with the exception of the testis, and it could be detected at a low level on day 20 after birth in mouse testes and at a higher level on day 28. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the SPACA5/Spaca5 protein was exclusively observed in the elongated spermatid of the normal testes, and was ectopically expressed in the cytoplasm of TCC, while it was not expressed in normal bladder tissues. The frequency of SPACA5 messenger RNA was detected in 45% of TCC (9/20) by RT-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, SPACA5 protein was more frequently detected in high-grade than in low-grade tumors (61.54 vs. 30.00%, P=0.035). Accordingly, high SPACA5 staining scores were observed to be significantly associated with high-grade tumors (n=65, R=0.279, P=0.027). Collectively, our findings indicated that SPACA5/Spaca5 may be important in male spermatogenesis and may be used as a potential target for specific immunotherapy in patients suffering from TCC.
ISSN:1792-1074
1792-1082
DOI:10.3892/ol.2016.5164