Synaptopathies: synaptic dysfunction in neurological disorders – A review from students to students

Synapses are essential components of neurons and allow information to travel coordinately throughout the nervous system to adjust behavior to environmental stimuli and to control body functions, memories, and emotions. Thus, optimal synaptic communication is required for proper brain physiology, and...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neurochemistry 2016-09, Vol.138 (6), p.785-805
Main Authors: Lepeta, Katarzyna, Lourenco, Mychael V., Schweitzer, Barbara C., Martino Adami, Pamela V., Banerjee, Priyanjalee, Catuara‐Solarz, Silvina, La Fuente Revenga, Mario, Guillem, Alain Marc, Haidar, Mouna, Ijomone, Omamuyovwi M., Nadorp, Bettina, Qi, Lin, Perera, Nirma D., Refsgaard, Louise K., Reid, Kimberley M., Sabbar, Mariam, Sahoo, Arghyadip, Schaefer, Natascha, Sheean, Rebecca K., Suska, Anna, Verma, Rajkumar, Vicidomini, Cinzia, Wright, Dean, Zhang, Xing‐Ding, Seidenbecher, Constanze
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aberration
Adult
Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer's disease
Autism
Brain
Child
Control systems
Defects
Disease
Disorders
Down syndrome
Down's syndrome
Emotions
Environmental effects
Epilepsy
Highlighted
Humans
Hyperekplexia
Intervention
Mental disorders
Movement disorders
Nervous system
Nervous System Diseases - pathology
Neurochemistry
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neurons
Parkinson's disease
Physiology
Review
Reviews
Stimuli
Structure-function relationships
Students
Synapses
Synapses - pathology
Travel
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Synapses are essential components of neurons and allow information to travel coordinately throughout the nervous system to adjust behavior to environmental stimuli and to control body functions, memories, and emotions. Thus, optimal synaptic communication is required for proper brain physiology, and slight perturbations of synapse function can lead to brain disorders. In fact, increasing evidence has demonstrated the relevance of synapse dysfunction as a major determinant of many neurological diseases. This notion has led to the concept of synaptopathies as brain diseases with synapse defects as shared pathogenic features. In this review, which was initiated at the 13th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we discuss basic concepts of synapse structure and function, and provide a critical view of how aberrant synapse physiology may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders (autism, Down syndrome, startle disease, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer and Parkinson disease). We finally discuss the appropriateness and potential implications of gathering synapse diseases under a single term. Understanding common causes and intrinsic differences in disease‐associated synaptic dysfunction could offer novel clues toward synapse‐based therapeutic intervention for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this Review, which was initiated at the 13th International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) Advanced School, we discuss basic concepts of synapse structure and function, and provide a critical view of how aberrant synapse physiology may contribute to neurodevelopmental (autism, Down syndrome, startle disease, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), gathered together under the term of synaptopathies. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 783. In this Review, which was initiated at the 13th International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) Advanced School, we discuss basic concepts of synapse structure and function, and provide a critical view of how aberrant synapse physiology may contribute to neurodevelopmental (autism, Down syndrome, startle disease, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), gathered together under the term of synaptopathies. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 783.
ISSN:0022-3042
1471-4159
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13713