A Study of Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Diarrhea in HIV-Positive Patients

Diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), occurring in almost 90% of AIDS patients in developing countries like India. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodefic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2016-09, Vol.8 (9), p.e807-e807
Main Authors: Shah, Siddharth, Kongre, Vaishali, Kumar, Varun, Bharadwaj, Renu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Gastroenterology
HIV
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
Infectious Disease
Parasitic diseases
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Summary:Diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), occurring in almost 90% of AIDS patients in developing countries like India. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients and their relation to CD4 counts. Forty-five successive HIV-positive patients, 27 with diarrhea (study group) and 18 without diarrhea (control group), were included in the three-month study. The HIV infection was confirmed by three different antibody detection tests. The stool samples were collected on two consecutive days and were examined for parasites by microscopy using wet mount and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. They were examined for bacteria by Gram stain and conventional Ziehl-Neelsen stain and were inoculated on appropriate culture media. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Twenty-four pathogens were detected in diarrheal HIV-positive patients, including 14 parasites (58.33%), seven bacteria (29.17%), and three fungi (12.50%).  was the most common parasite (25.9%) followed by  (14.8%). Other parasites included ,   and   (3.7% each).​   (18.5%) was the most common bacterial isolate, of which, 80% were   (ETEC) while 20% were (EPEC) Other isolates included   and  (3.7% each). The isolates were sensitive to furazolidone (94.11%), chloramphenicol (76.47%), and gentamicin (52.94%). The isolates from diarrheal patients showed resistance to norfloxacin (5.88% vs. 50%, p
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.807