Influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia and phytosterol intervention during gestation and lactation on dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring of Syrian golden hamsters

Scope Although there is a normal physiological rise in maternal lipids during pregnancy, excessive maternal hyperlipidemia during pregnancy increases cardiovascular disease risk for both the mother and offspring. There are limited safe lipid‐lowering treatment options for use during pregnancy, there...

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Published in:	Molecular nutrition & food research 2016-10, Vol.60 (10), p.2151-2160
Main Authors:	Liu, Jie, Iqbal, Aadil, Raslawsky, Amy, Browne, Richard W., Patel, Mulchand S., Rideout, Todd C.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Animals Animals, Newborn Body Weight - drug effects Cholesterol - blood Dyslipidemia Dyslipidemias - etiology Female Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy Hypercholesterolemia - metabolism Lactation - drug effects Lipid Metabolism - drug effects Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Male Maternal hypercholesterolemia Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Mesocricetus Offspring Phytosterols Phytosterols - pharmacology Pregnancy Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 - metabolism Triglycerides - blood
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Summary:	Scope Although there is a normal physiological rise in maternal lipids during pregnancy, excessive maternal hyperlipidemia during pregnancy increases cardiovascular disease risk for both the mother and offspring. There are limited safe lipid‐lowering treatment options for use during pregnancy, therefore, we evaluated the influence of maternal phytosterol (PS) supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in mothers and progeny. Methods and results Female Syrian golden hamsters were randomly assigned to three diets throughout prepregnancy, gestation, and lactation (n = 6/group): (i) Chow (Chow), (ii) chow with 0.5% cholesterol (CH), and (iii) chow with 0.5% CH and 2% PS (CH/PS). Compared with newly weaned pups from Chow dams, pups from dams fed the CH‐enriched diet demonstrated increases (p < 0.05) in total‐C, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and total LDL and VLDL particle number. Pups from CH‐fed mothers also exhibited higher hepatic CH concentration and differential mRNA expression pattern of CH regulatory genes. Pups from PS‐supplemented dams demonstrated reductions (p < 0.05) in serum total‐C, non‐HDL‐C, and LDL‐C but also increased triglycerides compared with pups from CH‐fed dams. Maternal PS supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) hepatic CH and increased the abundance of HMG‐CoAr and LDLr protein in newly weaned pups compared with the CH group. Conclusion Results suggest that maternal PS supplementation is largely effective in normalizing CH in pups born to mothers with hypercholesterolemia, however, the cause and long‐term influence of increased triglyceride is not known. Excessive maternal cholesterol during pregnancy can increase cardiovascular disease risk in offspring. We examine if maternal phytosterol (PS) supplementation throughout pre‐pregnancy, gestation, and lactation reduce blood lipid concentrations in newly‐weaned offspring in Syrian golden hamsters. Compared with offspring born to cholesterol‐fed hypercholesterolemic mothers, offspring of mothers feed a cholesterol‐enriched diet with PS have a more favorable blood cholesterol profile but an increase in triglycerides.
ISSN:	1613-4125 1613-4133