Place of birth effects on self-reported discrimination: Variations by type of discrimination

Researchers have suggested that perceptions of discrimination may vary depending on place of birth and the length of time spent living in the U.S., variables related to acculturation. However, the existing literature provides a mixed picture, with data suggesting that the effects of acculturation on...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of intercultural relations 2015-11, Vol.49, p.212-222
Main Authors: Brondolo, Elizabeth, Rahim, Reanne, Grimaldi, Stephanie J., Ashraf, Amina, Bui, Nini, Schwartz, Joseph C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acculturation
Age differences
Age discrimination
Childbirth & labor
Data collection
Discrimination
Employment
Employment discrimination
Employment status
Ethnicity
Gender
Gender differences
Immigration
Immigration policy
Intersectionality
Length of residency
Moderators
Nativity
Perceptions
Place of birth
Race
Racial discrimination
Racism
Residence
Sexes
Sexism
Social exclusion
Sociodemographics
Stigma
Studies
Threats
Variables
Workplaces
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Summary:Researchers have suggested that perceptions of discrimination may vary depending on place of birth and the length of time spent living in the U.S., variables related to acculturation. However, the existing literature provides a mixed picture, with data suggesting that the effects of acculturation on perceptions of discrimination vary by race and other sociodemographic factors. This study evaluated the role of place of birth (POB: defined as U.S.-born vs. foreign-born), age at immigration, and length of residence in the U.S. on self-reported discrimination in a sample of urban-dwelling Asian and Black adults (n=1454). Analyses examined POB effects on different types of discrimination including race-related stigmatization, exclusion, threat, and workplace discrimination. Sociodemographic variables (including age, gender, employment status and education level) were tested as potential moderators of the relationship between POB and discrimination. The results revealed a significant main effect of POB on discrimination, with U.S.-born individuals reporting significantly more discrimination than foreign-born individuals, although the effect was reduced when sociodemographic variables were controlled. Across the sample, POB effects were seen only for race-related stigmatization and exclusion, not for threat and workplace discrimination. With the exception of limited effects for gender, sociodemographic variables did not moderate these effects. Younger age at immigration and greater years of residence in the U.S. were also positively associated with higher levels of perceived discrimination. These findings suggest increasing acculturation may shape the experience and perception of racial and ethnic discrimination.
ISSN:0147-1767
1873-7552
DOI:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.10.001