The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing

Heterochromatin is the transcriptionally repressed portion of eukaryotic chromatin that maintains a condensed appearance throughout the cell cycle. At sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) heterochromatin, epigenetic states contribute to gene silencing and genome stability, which are required for proper chr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microbiology and molecular biology reviews 2016-09, Vol.80 (3), p.545-563
Main Authors: Srivastava, Rakesh, Srivastava, Rashmi, Ahn, Seong Hoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Cell cycle
Cellular Senescence - genetics
Chromatin
DNA Methylation - genetics
DNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Epigenetics
Eukaryotes
Gene Silencing - physiology
Heterochromatin - metabolism
Histones - metabolism
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - metabolism
Reviews
Ribosomal DNA
Ubiquitination - genetics
Yeast
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Summary:Heterochromatin is the transcriptionally repressed portion of eukaryotic chromatin that maintains a condensed appearance throughout the cell cycle. At sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) heterochromatin, epigenetic states contribute to gene silencing and genome stability, which are required for proper chromosome segregation and a normal life span. Here, we focus on recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of rDNA silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mammals, including regulation by several histone modifications and several protein components associated with the inner nuclear membrane within the nucleolus. Finally, we discuss the perturbations of rDNA epigenetic pathways in regulating cellular aging and in causing various types of diseases.
ISSN:1092-2172
1098-5557
DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00005-16