Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Antagonists Sensitize Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Macrophages to TRAIL-Mediated Killing

Strategies aimed at eliminating persistent viral reservoirs from HIV-1-infected individuals have focused on CD4(+) T-cell reservoirs. However, very little attention has been given to approaches that could promote elimination of tissue macrophage reservoirs. HIV-1 infection of macrophages induces pho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of virology 2016-07, Vol.90 (14), p.6255-6262
Main Authors: Cunyat, Francesc, Rainho, Jennifer N, West, Brian, Swainson, Louise, McCune, Joseph M, Stevenson, Mario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminopyridines - pharmacology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
Cells, Cultured
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Humans
Lentivirus
Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - metabolism
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - pathology
Macrophages - virology
Pyrroles - pharmacology
Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - antagonists & inhibitors
Retroviridae
TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand - metabolism
Virus Latency
Virus Replication - drug effects
Virus Replication - immunology
Virus-Cell Interactions
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Summary:Strategies aimed at eliminating persistent viral reservoirs from HIV-1-infected individuals have focused on CD4(+) T-cell reservoirs. However, very little attention has been given to approaches that could promote elimination of tissue macrophage reservoirs. HIV-1 infection of macrophages induces phosphorylation of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), which confers resistance to apoptotic pathways driven by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), thereby promoting viral persistence. In this study, we assessed whether CSF-1R antagonists (PLX647, PLX3397, and PLX5622) restored apoptotic sensitivity of HIV-1-infected macrophages in vitro PLX647, PLX3397, and PLX5622 at clinically relevant concentrations blocked the activation of CSF-1R and reduced the viability of infected macrophages, as well as the extent of viral replication. Our data show that strategies targeting monocyte colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) signaling could be used to promote elimination of HIV-1-infected myeloid cells and to contribute to the elimination of persistent viral reservoirs. As the HIV/AIDS research field explores approaches to eliminate HIV-1 in individuals on suppressive antiviral therapy, those approaches will need to eliminate both CD4(+) T-cell and myeloid cell reservoirs. Most of the attention has focused on CD4(+) T-cell reservoirs, and scant attention has been paid to myeloid cell reservoirs. The distinct nature of the infection in myeloid cells versus CD4(+) T cells will likely dictate different approaches in order to achieve their elimination. For CD4(+) T cells, most strategies focus on promoting virus reactivation to promote immune-mediated clearance and/or elimination by viral cytopathicity. Macrophages resist viral cytopathic effects and CD8(+) T-cell killing. Therefore, we have explored clearance strategies that render macrophages sensitive to viral cytopathicity. This research helps inform the design of strategies to promote clearance of the macrophage reservoir in infected individuals on suppressive antiviral therapy.
ISSN:0022-538X
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/JVI.00231-16