Acute kidney injury: short-term and long-term effects

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common cause of organ dysfunction in critically ill adults, with a single episode of AKI, regardless of stage, carrying a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Since the consensus on AKI nomenclature has been reached, data reflecting outcomes have become mor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical care (London, England) England), 2016-07, Vol.20 (1), p.188-188, Article 188
Main Authors: Doyle, James F, Forni, Lui G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid-Base Equilibrium - physiology
Acute Kidney Injury - physiopathology
Acute renal failure
Care and treatment
Complications and side effects
Critical Illness - rehabilitation
Critically ill
Disease Management
Health aspects
Humans
Kidney - physiology
Kidney - physiopathology
Morbidity
Mortality
Renal Dialysis - adverse effects
Renal Dialysis - mortality
Review
Risk Factors
Time Factors
Uremia - physiopathology
Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology
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Summary:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common cause of organ dysfunction in critically ill adults, with a single episode of AKI, regardless of stage, carrying a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Since the consensus on AKI nomenclature has been reached, data reflecting outcomes have become more apparent allowing investigation of both short- and long-term outcomes.Classically the short-term effects of AKI can be thought of as those reflecting an acute deterioration in renal function per se. However, the effects of AKI, especially with regard to distant organ function ("organ cross-talk"), are being elucidated as is the increased susceptibility to other conditions. With regards to the long-term effects, the consideration that outcome is a simple binary endpoint of dialysis or not, or survival or not, is overly simplistic, with the reality being much more complex.Also discussed are currently available treatment strategies to mitigate these adverse effects, as they have the potential to improve patient outcome and provide considerable economic health savings. Moving forward, an agreement for defining renal recovery is warranted if we are to assess and extrapolate the efficacy of novel therapies. Future research should focus on targeted therapies assessed by measure of long-term outcomes.
ISSN:1364-8535
1466-609X
1364-8535
DOI:10.1186/s13054-016-1353-y