Ecophysiological consequences of alcoholism on human gut microbiota: implications for ethanol-related pathogenesis of colon cancer

Chronic consumption of excess ethanol increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The pathogenesis of ethanol-related colorectal cancer (ER-CRC) is thought to be partly mediated by gut microbes. Specifically, bacteria in the colon and rectum convert ethanol to acetaldehyde (AcH), which is carcinogenic....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2016-06, Vol.6 (1), p.27923, Article 27923
Main Authors: Tsuruya, Atsuki, Kuwahara, Akika, Saito, Yuta, Yamaguchi, Haruhiko, Tsubo, Takahisa, Suga, Shogo, Inai, Makoto, Aoki, Yuichi, Takahashi, Seiji, Tsutsumi, Eri, Suwa, Yoshihide, Morita, Hidetoshi, Kinoshita, Kenji, Totsuka, Yukari, Suda, Wataru, Oshima, Kenshiro, Hattori, Masahira, Mizukami, Takeshi, Yokoyama, Akira, Shimoyama, Takefumi, Nakayama, Toru
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetaldehyde - chemistry
Acetaldehyde - metabolism
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Alcohol Dehydrogenase - genetics
Alcoholism
Alcoholism - microbiology
Alcoholism - pathology
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial - genetics
Bacteria
Bacteroides - genetics
Bacteroides - isolation & purification
Cluster Analysis
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism
Colorectal Neoplasms - microbiology
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Ethanol
Ethanol - metabolism
Feces - chemistry
Feces - microbiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Information science
Male
Microbiota
Middle Aged
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Phenotype
Phylogenetics
Polymorphism, Genetic
Principal Component Analysis
Rectum
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - chemistry
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Ruminococcus - genetics
Ruminococcus - isolation & purification
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Streptococcus - genetics
Streptococcus - isolation & purification
Young Adult
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Summary:Chronic consumption of excess ethanol increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The pathogenesis of ethanol-related colorectal cancer (ER-CRC) is thought to be partly mediated by gut microbes. Specifically, bacteria in the colon and rectum convert ethanol to acetaldehyde (AcH), which is carcinogenic. However, the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the human gut microbiome are poorly understood, and the role of gut microbes in the proposed AcH-mediated pathogenesis of ER-CRC remains to be elaborated. Here we analyse and compare the gut microbiota structures of non-alcoholics and alcoholics. The gut microbiotas of alcoholics were diminished in dominant obligate anaerobes (e.g., Bacteroides and Ruminococcus) and enriched in Streptococcus and other minor species. This alteration might be exacerbated by habitual smoking. These observations could at least partly be explained by the susceptibility of obligate anaerobes to reactive oxygen species, which are increased by chronic exposure of the gut mucosa to ethanol. The AcH productivity from ethanol was much lower in the faeces of alcoholic patients than in faeces of non-alcoholic subjects. The faecal phenotype of the alcoholics could be rationalised based on their gut microbiota structures and the ability of gut bacteria to accumulate AcH from ethanol.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/srep27923