Single-dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR Protects Against Human Experimental Infection With Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor

No licensed cholera vaccine is presently available in the United States. Cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced doses. A single-dose cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2016-06, Vol.62 (11), p.1329-1335
Main Authors: Chen, Wilbur H, Cohen, Mitchell B, Kirkpatrick, Beth D, Brady, Rebecca C, Galloway, David, Gurwith, Marc, Hall, Robert H, Kessler, Robert A, Lock, Michael, Haney, Douglas, Lyon, Caroline E, Pasetti, Marcela F, Simon, Jakub K, Szabo, Flora, Tennant, Sharon, Levine, Myron M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
and Commentaries
Antibodies, Bacterial - blood
Antibodies, Bacterial - immunology
Cholera
Cholera - immunology
Cholera - prevention & control
Cholera Vaccines - administration & dosage
Cholera Vaccines - adverse effects
Cholera Vaccines - immunology
Experiments
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Vaccines
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae O1 - immunology
Young Adult
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Summary:No licensed cholera vaccine is presently available in the United States. Cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced doses. A single-dose cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render 2-dose immunization regimens impractical would be a major advance.PXVX0200, based on live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 classical Inaba vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, elicits seroconversion of vibriocidal antibodies (a correlate of protection) within 10 days of a single oral dose. We investigated the protection conferred by this vaccine in a human cholera challenge model. Consenting healthy adult volunteers, 18-45 years old, were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive 1 oral dose of vaccine (approximately 5 × 10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo in double-blind fashion. Volunteers ingested approximately 1 × 10(5) CFU of wild-type V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961 10 days or 3 months after vaccination and were observed on an inpatient research ward for stool output measurement and management of hydration. The vaccine was well tolerated, with no difference in adverse event frequency among 95 vaccinees vs 102 placebo recipients. The primary endpoint, moderate (≥3.0 L) to severe (≥5.0 L) diarrheal purge, occurred in 39 of 66 (59.1%) placebo controls but only 2 of 35 (5.7%) vaccinees at 10 days (vaccine efficacy, 90.3%; P < .0001) and 4 of 33 (12.1%) vaccinees at 3 months (vaccine efficacy, 79.5%; P < .0001). The significant vaccine efficacy documented 10 days and 3 months after 1 oral dose of PXVX0200 supports further development as a single-dose cholera vaccine. NCT01895855.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/ciw145