Effectiveness of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Haiti: 37-Month Follow-Up

The first oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign, since its prequalification by the World Health Organization, in response to an ongoing cholera epidemic (reactive vaccination) was successfully conducted in a poor urban slum of approximately 70,000 inhabitants in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2012. Vaccine...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2016-05, Vol.94 (5), p.1136-1142
Main Authors: Sévère, Karine, Rouzier, Vanessa, Anglade, Stravinsky Benedict, Bertil, Claudin, Joseph, Patrice, Deroncelay, Alexandra, Mabou, Marie Marcelle, Wright, Peter F, Guillaume, Florence Duperval, Pape, Jean William
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Cholera - epidemiology
Cholera - prevention & control
Cholera Vaccines - administration & dosage
Cholera Vaccines - immunology
Diarrhea - epidemiology
Haiti - epidemiology
HIV Infections - epidemiology
Humans
Time Factors
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Summary:The first oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign, since its prequalification by the World Health Organization, in response to an ongoing cholera epidemic (reactive vaccination) was successfully conducted in a poor urban slum of approximately 70,000 inhabitants in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2012. Vaccine coverage was 75% of the target population. This report documents the impact of OCV in reducing the number of culture-confirmed cases of cholera admitted to the Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) cholera treatment center from that community in the 37 months postvaccination (April 2012-April 30, 2015). Of 1,788 patients with culture-confirmed cholera, 1,770 (99%) were either from outside the vaccine area (1,400 cases) or from the vaccinated community who had not received OCV (370 cases). Of the 388 people from the catchment area who developed culture-confirmed cholera, 370 occurred among the 17,643 people who had not been vaccinated (2.1%) and the remaining 18 occurred among the 52,357 people (0.034%) who had been vaccinated (P < 0.001), for an efficacy that approximates 97.5%. Despite not being designed as a randomized control trial, the very high efficacy is a strong evidence for the effectiveness of OCV as part of an integrated package for the control of cholera in outbreak settings.
ISSN:0002-9637
1476-1645
DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0700