A comprehensive analysis of the chorion locus in silkmoth

Despite more than 40 years of intense study, essential features of the silkmoth chorion (eggshell) are still not fully understood. To determine the precise structure of the chorion locus, we performed extensive EST analysis, constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig, and obtained a...

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Published in:Scientific reports 2015-11, Vol.5 (1), p.16424-16424, Article 16424
Main Authors: Chen, Zhiwei, Nohata, Junko, Guo, Huizhen, Li, Shenglong, Liu, Jianqiu, Guo, Youbing, Yamamoto, Kimiko, Kadono-Okuda, Keiko, Liu, Chun, Arunkumar, Kallare P, Nagaraju, Javaregowda, Zhang, Yan, Liu, Shiping, Labropoulou, Vassiliki, Swevers, Luc, Tsitoura, Panagiota, Iatrou, Kostas, Gopinathan, Karumathil P, Goldsmith, Marian R, Xia, Qingyou, Mita, Kazuei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative splicing
Animals
Antisense RNA
Artificial chromosomes
Bacterial artificial chromosomes
Base pairs
Bombyx - genetics
Bombyx - metabolism
Chorion
Computational Biology - methods
Egg Proteins
Egg Shell
Egg shells
Evolutionary genetics
Expressed Sequence Tags
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Library
Gene Order
Genes
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Localization
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Nucleotide sequence
Phylogeny
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Proteome
Proteomics
Proteomics - methods
Pseudogenes
Quantitative Trait Loci
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Transcription
Transcription, Genetic
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Summary:Despite more than 40 years of intense study, essential features of the silkmoth chorion (eggshell) are still not fully understood. To determine the precise structure of the chorion locus, we performed extensive EST analysis, constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig, and obtained a continuous genomic sequence of 871,711 base pairs. We annotated 127 chorion genes in two segments interrupted by a 164 kb region with 5 non-chorion genes, orthologs of which were on chorion bearing scaffolds in 4 ditrysian families. Detailed transcriptome analysis revealed expression throughout choriogenesis of most chorion genes originally categorized as "middle", and evidence for diverse regulatory mechanisms including cis-elements, alternative splicing and promoter utilization, and antisense RNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed multigene family associations and faster evolution of early chorion genes and transcriptionally active pseudogenes. Proteomics analysis identified 99 chorion proteins in the eggshell and micropyle localization of 1 early and 6 Hc chorion proteins.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/srep16424