Accessing DNA damage in chromatin: Preparing the chromatin landscape for base excision repair

DNA damage in chromatin comes in many forms, including single base lesions that induce base excision repair (BER). We and others have shown that the structural location of DNA lesions within nucleosomes greatly influences their accessibility to repair enzymes. Indeed, a difference in the location of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:DNA repair 2015-08, Vol.32, p.113-119
Main Authors: Rodriguez, Yesenia, Hinz, John M., Smerdon, Michael J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism
AP endonuclease
Chromatin
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Chromatin remodeling
DNA - metabolism
DNA Damage
DNA Polymerase beta - genetics
DNA Polymerase beta - metabolism
DNA Repair
Glycosylase
Histone acetylation
Histone variants
Histones - genetics
Histones - metabolism
Humans
Ligase
Nucleosome dynamics
Nucleosomes - chemistry
Nucleosomes - metabolism
Polymerase β
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Rotational setting
Uracil - metabolism
Uracil-DNA Glycosidase - genetics
Uracil-DNA Glycosidase - metabolism
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Summary:DNA damage in chromatin comes in many forms, including single base lesions that induce base excision repair (BER). We and others have shown that the structural location of DNA lesions within nucleosomes greatly influences their accessibility to repair enzymes. Indeed, a difference in the location of uracil as small as one-half turn of the DNA backbone on the histone surface can result in a 10-fold difference in the time course of its removal in vitro. In addition, the cell has evolved several interdependent processes capable of enhancing the accessibility of excision repair enzymes to DNA lesions in nucleosomes, including post-translational modification of histones, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and interchange of histone variants in nucleosomes. In this review, we focus on different factors that affect accessibility of BER enzymes to nucleosomal DNA.
ISSN:1568-7864
1568-7856
DOI:10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.021