Study of Nebulization Delivery of Aerosolized Fluorescent Microspheres to the Avian Respiratory Tract

This study investigated the delivery of an aerosol of monodisperse microspheres to the respiratory tract of birds following aerosol exposure. Adult domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica, n  =  5 birds per timed treatment) were exposed to an aerosol of fluorescent 1.0-µm diameter carboxylate mic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Avian diseases 2012-06, Vol.56 (2), p.381-386
Main Authors: Tell, Lisa A, Stephens, Kimberly, Teague, Stephen V, Pinkerton, Kent E, Raabe, Otto G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
Aerosols
Aerosols - administration & dosage
Animals
Aves
bird
Birds
Chemical suspensions
Columbidae - physiology
Fluorescent Dyes - administration & dosage
Fluorescent Dyes - chemistry
fluorescent microsphere
Inhalation
inhalation deposition
Lungs
Microscopy, Fluorescence - veterinary
Microspheres
nebulization
Nebulizers
Nebulizers and Vaporizers - veterinary
particle distribution
Particle Size
Pulmonary alveoli
Regular s
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Respiratory system
Respiratory System - anatomy & histology
Time Factors
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Summary:This study investigated the delivery of an aerosol of monodisperse microspheres to the respiratory tract of birds following aerosol exposure. Adult domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica, n  =  5 birds per timed treatment) were exposed to an aerosol of fluorescent 1.0-µm diameter carboxylate microspheres for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hr. During the aerosolization period, the birds were free-standing in a plexiglass treatment chamber and the aerosol was delivered using a commercial nebulizer. Immediately following aerosol exposure, the birds were euthanatized and the carcasses were intravenously infused with a modified paraformaldehyde/gluteraldehyde fixative. Evaluation of microsphere distribution was performed using a stereoscopic microscope with an epifluorescent module. The results from this study revealed that the amount of aerosolized particles delivered using a commercial nebulizer was proportional to exposure periods. Aerosol exposure periods of 0.5 hr or 1 hr did not result in a readily observable distribution of 1.0 µm fluorescent microspheres to the cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, or abdominal air sac membranes. This was partly attributed to the relatively low concentration of the individual monodisperse microspheres in the aerosolized suspension. The 2- and 4-hr exposure periods resulted in readily observable deposition of the 1.0 µm fluorescent microspheres in the cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, or abdominal air sac membranes, with the 4-hr exposure period resulting in the greatest number of particles on the membrane surfaces. For each of the exposure periods, there was individual animal variation regarding the distribution and relative number of spheres deposited. This study demonstrates the widespread deposition of particles that had an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of approximately 1 µm and provides a better understanding of particle deposition efficiency within the respiratory system following aerosol exposure in birds. Estudio de la aplicación por nebulización en aerosol de microesferas fluorescentes en el tracto respiratorio de las aves. En este estudio se investigó la entrega de un aerosol de microesferas monodispersas en el tracto respiratorio de las aves después de la exposición a un aerosol. Palomas domésticas adultas (Columba livia domestica, n  =  5 aves por tiempo de tratamiento) fueron expuestos a un aerosol de microesferas de carboxilato fluorescentes de un diámetro de una 1.0 micra por diferentes tiempos de exposición: 30 minu
ISSN:0005-2086
1938-4351
1938-4351
DOI:10.1637/9989-111511-Reg.1