New findings about iron oxide nanoparticles and their different effects on murine primary brain cells

The physicochemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) enable their application in the diagnostics and therapy of central nervous system diseases. However, since crucial information regarding side effects of particle-cell interactions within the central nervous system i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of nanomedicine 2015-01, Vol.10, p.2033-2049
Main Authors: Neubert, Jenni, Wagner, Susanne, Kiwit, Jürgen, Bräuer, Anja U, Glumm, Jana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical materials
Brain - cytology
Brain cancer
Care and treatment
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Contrast agents
degeneration
Disease
Ferric oxide
hippocampal neurons
Laboratory animals
Magnetite Nanoparticles - toxicity
Mice
microglia
Morphology
Multiple sclerosis
Nanoparticles
Nervous system
Nervous system diseases
Neurodegeneration
Neurons
Neurosciences
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Original Research
Physiological aspects
Properties
Proteins
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Summary:The physicochemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) enable their application in the diagnostics and therapy of central nervous system diseases. However, since crucial information regarding side effects of particle-cell interactions within the central nervous system is still lacking, we investigated the influence of novel very small iron oxide particles or the clinically approved ferucarbotran or ferumoxytol on the vitality and morphology of brain cells. We exposed primary cell cultures of microglia and hippocampal neurons, as well as neuron-glia cocultures to varying concentrations of SPIOs for 6 and/or 24 hours, respectively. Here, we show that SPIO accumulation by microglia and subsequent morphological alterations strongly depend on the respective nanoparticle type. Microglial viability was severely compromised by high SPIO concentrations, except in the case of ferumoxytol. While ferumoxytol did not cause immediate microglial death, it induced severe morphological alterations and increased degeneration of primary neurons. Additionally, primary neurons clearly degenerated after very small iron oxide particle and ferucarbotran exposure. In neuron-glia cocultures, SPIOs rather stimulated the outgrowth of neuronal processes in a concentration- and particle-dependent manner. We conclude that the influence of SPIOs on brain cells not only depends on the particle type but also on the physiological system they are applied to.
ISSN:1178-2013
1176-9114
1178-2013
DOI:10.2147/IJN.S74404