Oncogenic Properties of Apoptotic Tumor Cells in Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma

Cells undergoing apoptosis are known to modulate their tissue microenvironments. By acting on phagocytes, notably macrophages, apoptotic cells inhibit immunological and inflammatory responses and promote trophic signaling pathways. Paradoxically, because of their potential to cause death of tumor ce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current biology 2015-03, Vol.25 (5), p.577-588
Main Authors: Ford, Catriona A., Petrova, Sofia, Pound, John D., Voss, Jorine J.L.P., Melville, Lynsey, Paterson, Margaret, Farnworth, Sarah L., Gallimore, Awen M., Cuff, Simone, Wheadon, Helen, Dobbin, Edwina, Ogden, Carol Anne, Dumitriu, Ingrid E., Dunbar, Donald R., Murray, Paul G., Ruckerl, Dominik, Allen, Judith E., Hume, David A., van Rooijen, Nico, Goodlad, John R., Freeman, Tom C., Gregory, Christopher D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis of Variance
Apoptosis - physiology
Cell Proliferation - physiology
Fluorescence
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - physiology
Histological Techniques
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Lymphoma, B-Cell - physiopathology
Macrophages - physiology
Matrix Metalloproteinases - metabolism
Melanoma, Experimental - physiopathology
Neovascularization, Pathologic - physiopathology
Phagocytes - physiology
Signal Transduction - physiology
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
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Summary:Cells undergoing apoptosis are known to modulate their tissue microenvironments. By acting on phagocytes, notably macrophages, apoptotic cells inhibit immunological and inflammatory responses and promote trophic signaling pathways. Paradoxically, because of their potential to cause death of tumor cells and thereby militate against malignant disease progression, both apoptosis and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis in cancer. We hypothesized that, in progression of malignant disease, constitutive loss of a fraction of the tumor cell population through apoptosis could yield tumor-promoting effects. Here, we demonstrate that apoptotic tumor cells promote coordinated tumor growth, angiogenesis, and accumulation of TAMs in aggressive B cell lymphomas. Through unbiased “in situ transcriptomics” analysis—gene expression profiling of laser-captured TAMs to establish their activation signature in situ—we show that these cells are activated to signal via multiple tumor-promoting reparatory, trophic, angiogenic, tissue remodeling, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results also suggest that apoptotic lymphoma cells help drive this signature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, upon induction of apoptosis, lymphoma cells not only activate expression of the tumor-promoting matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP12 in macrophages but also express and process these MMPs directly. Finally, using a model of malignant melanoma, we show that the oncogenic potential of apoptotic tumor cells extends beyond lymphoma. In addition to its profound tumor-suppressive role, apoptosis can potentiate cancer progression. These results have important implications for understanding the fundamental biology of cell death, its roles in malignant disease, and the broader consequences of apoptosis-inducing anti-cancer therapy. [Display omitted] •Apoptotic lymphoma cells promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and TAM accumulation•Unbiased “in situ transcriptomics” analysis shows TAMs promote pro-tumor pathways•Apoptotic tumor cells express and process matrix remodeling proteins•The oncogenic potential of apoptotic tumor cells extends beyond lymphoma Apoptosis and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis in cancer. Ford et al. demonstrate apoptotic lymphoma cells can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, TAM accumulation, and TAM activation to potentiate cancer progression. These results have important implications for apopto
ISSN:0960-9822
1879-0445
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.059