Changes in Circulating Biomarkers of Muscle Atrophy, Inflammation, and Cartilage Turnover in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there is significant atrophy of the quadriceps muscles that can limit full recovery and place athletes at risk for recurrent injuries with return to play. The cause of this muscle atrophy is not fully understood. Hypothesis: Circulat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of sports medicine 2013-08, Vol.41 (8), p.1819-1826
Main Authors: Mendias, Christopher L., Lynch, Evan B., Davis, Max E., Sibilsky Enselman, Elizabeth R., Harning, Julie A., DeWolf, Paul D., Makki, Tarek A., Bedi, Asheesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - rehabilitation
Athletes
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
C-Reactive Protein - metabolism
Cartilage
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein
Chondrogenesis
Cytokines
Cytokines - blood
Extracellular Matrix Proteins - blood
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Glycoproteins - blood
Humans
Inflammation - blood
Inflammation - diagnosis
Inflammation - etiology
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism
Knee
Knee Injuries - rehabilitation
Knee Injuries - surgery
Ligaments
Male
Matrilin Proteins
Middle Aged
Muscular Atrophy - blood
Muscular Atrophy - diagnosis
Muscular Atrophy - etiology
Myostatin - blood
Postoperative Complications - blood
Postoperative Complications - diagnosis
Postoperative Period
Preoperative Period
Proteins
Skin & tissue grafts
Sports injuries
Sports medicine
Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult
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Summary:Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there is significant atrophy of the quadriceps muscles that can limit full recovery and place athletes at risk for recurrent injuries with return to play. The cause of this muscle atrophy is not fully understood. Hypothesis: Circulating levels of proatrophy, proinflammatory, and cartilage turnover cytokines and biomarkers would increase after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Patients (N = 18; mean age, 28 ± 2.4 years) underwent surgical reconstruction of the ACL after a noncontact athletic injury. Circulating levels of biomarkers were measured along with Short Form−12, International Knee Documentation Committee, and objective knee strength measures preoperatively and at 6 postoperative visits. Differences were tested using repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance. Results: Myostatin, TGF-β, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly increased in the early postoperative period and returned to baseline. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein levels decreased immediately after surgery and then returned to baseline. CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, EGF, FGF-2, IGF-1, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, myoglobin, and TNF-α were not different over the course of the study. Conclusion: An increase in potent atrophy-inducing cytokines and corresponding changes in knee strength and functional scores were observed after ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Although further studies are necessary, the therapeutic inhibition of myostatin may help prevent the muscle atrophy that occurs after ACL reconstruction and provide an accelerated return of patients to sport.
ISSN:0363-5465
1552-3365
DOI:10.1177/0363546513490651