Longitudinal Relationship of Low Leisure Satisfaction but not Depressive Symptoms With Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Dementia Caregivers

This study aimed to further elucidate the biobehavioral mechanisms linking dementia caregiving with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. We hypothesized that both elevated depressive symptoms and a behavioral correlate of depression, low leisure satisfaction, are associated with systemic inflam...

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Published in:The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2014-05, Vol.69 (3), p.397-407
Main Authors: VON KÄNEL, Roland, MAUSBACH, Brent T, MILLS, Paul J, DIMSDALE, Joel E, PATTERSON, Thomas L, ANCOLI-ISRAEL, Sonia, ZIEGLER, Michael G, ALLISON, Matthew, CHATTILLION, Elizabeth A, GRANT, Igor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - nursing
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - blood
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology
Caregivers
Caregivers - psychology
Correlation analysis
Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases
Dementia
Depression
Depression - etiology
Depression - immunology
Depression - psychology
Female
Humans
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - psychology
Leisure Activities - psychology
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Medical sciences
Mental depression
Mood disorders
Neurology
Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology
Original Research Report
Personal Satisfaction
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Risk assessment
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Summary:This study aimed to further elucidate the biobehavioral mechanisms linking dementia caregiving with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. We hypothesized that both elevated depressive symptoms and a behavioral correlate of depression, low leisure satisfaction, are associated with systemic inflammation. We studied 121 elderly Alzheimer's disease caregivers who underwent 4 annual assessments for depressive symptoms, leisure satisfaction, and circulating levels of inflammatory markers. We used mixed-regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic and health-relevant covariates to examine longitudinal relationships between constructs of interest. There were inverse relationships between total leisure satisfaction and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; p = .047), interleukin-8 (IL-8; p < .001), and interferon-γ (IFG; p = .020) but not with IL-6 (p = .21) and C-reactive protein (p = .65). Lower enjoyment from leisure activities was related to higher levels of TNF-α (p = .045), IL-8 (p < .001), and IFG (p = .002), whereas lower frequency of leisure activities was related only to higher IL-8 levels (p = .023). Depressive symptoms were not associated with any inflammatory marker (all p values > .17). Depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between leisure satisfaction and inflammation. Lower satisfaction with leisure activities is related to higher low-grade systemic inflammation. This knowledge may provide a promising way of improving cardiovascular health in dementia caregivers through behavioral activation treatments targeting low leisure satisfaction.
ISSN:1079-5014
1758-5368
DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbt020