The effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on the Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) measurement

The delayed Gadolinium‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) method allows for both qualitative and quantitative measurement of the spatial distribution of glycosaminoglycan [GAG] in excised cartilage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of paraformaldehyde f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of orthopaedic research 2009-04, Vol.27 (4), p.536-539
Main Authors: Dugar, Arushi, Farley, Michelle L., Wang, Angeline L., Goldring, Mary B., Goldring, Steven R., Swaim, Bryan H., Bierbaum, Benjamin E., Burstein, Deborah, Gray, Martha L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cartilage
Cartilage - chemistry
Cattle
dGEMRIC
fixation
fixed charge
Formaldehyde - pharmacology
Gadolinium
GAG
Glycosaminoglycans - analysis
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Polymers - pharmacology
Tissue Fixation
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Summary:The delayed Gadolinium‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) method allows for both qualitative and quantitative measurement of the spatial distribution of glycosaminoglycan [GAG] in excised cartilage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on dGEMRIC measurements. Five bovine and seven human cartilage pieces were punched into 5‐mm plugs, fixed for 18 h in 4% paraformaldehyde solution, and washed. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameter T1 was measured prior and post fixation in cartilage without (T10) and with (T1Gd), the ionically charged MRI contrast agent Gd(DTPA)2−. Images of tissue before and after fixation were qualitatively very similar. The ratios of T10, T1Gd, and calculated [GAG] after fixation, relative to before fixation, were near or slightly higher than 1 for both bovine cartilage (1.01 ± 0.01, 1.04 ± 0.02, 1.05 ± 0.03, respectively) and for human cartilage (0.96 ± 0.11, 1.03 ± 0.05, 1.09 ± 0.13). Thus, these data suggest that dGEMRIC can be used on previously fixed samples to assess the three dimensional spatial distribution of GAG. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 536–539, 2009
ISSN:0736-0266
1554-527X
DOI:10.1002/jor.20767