Plastid-Localized Glutathione Reductase2—Regulated Glutathione Redox Status Is Essential for Arabidopsis Root Apical Meristem Maintenance

Glutathione is involved in thiol redox signaling and acts as a major redox buffer against reactive oxygen species, helping to maintain a reducing environment in vivo. Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). The Arabidopsis th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Plant cell 2013-11, Vol.25 (11), p.4451-4468
Main Authors: Yu, Xin, Pasternak, Taras, Eiblmeier, Monika, Ditengou, Franck, Kochersperger, Philip, Sun, Jiaqiang, Wang, Hui, Rennenberg, Heinz, Teale, William, Paponov, Ivan, Zhou, Wenkun, Li, Chuanyou, Li, Xugang, Palme, Klaus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - drug effects
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Auxins
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Glutathione - metabolism
Glutathione Reductase - genetics
Glutathione Reductase - metabolism
Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology
Meristem - metabolism
Mutation
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Phenotypes
Plant cells
Plant roots
Plant Roots - growth & development
Plant Roots - metabolism
Plants
Plants, Genetically Modified
Plastids
Plastids - enzymology
Root tips
Seedlings
Stem cells
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Summary:Glutathione is involved in thiol redox signaling and acts as a major redox buffer against reactive oxygen species, helping to maintain a reducing environment in vivo. Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two GRs: GR1 and GR2. Whereas the cytosolic/peroxisomal GR1 is not crucial for plant development, we show here that the plastid-localized GR2 is essential for root growth and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance. We identify a GR2 mutant, miao, that displays strong inhibition of root growth and severe defects in the RAM, with GR activity being reduced to ∼50%. miao accumulates high levels of GSSG and exhibits increased glutathione oxidation. The exogenous application of GSH or the thiol-reducing agent DTT can rescue the root phenotype of miao, demonstrating that the RAM defects in miao are triggered by glutathione oxidation. Our in silico analysis of public microarray data shows that auxin and glutathione redox signaling generally act independently at the transcriptional level. We propose that glutathione redox status is essential for RAM maintenance through both auxin/PLETHORA (PLT)-dependent and auxin/PLT-independent redox signaling pathways.
ISSN:1040-4651
1532-298X
DOI:10.1105/tpc.113.117028