Sex-differentiated changes in C-reactive protein from ages 9 to 21: The contributions of BMI and physical/sexual maturation

Summary Background Sex differences in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are well established in adulthood, but little is known about when and why they emerge. Here, we tested longitudinal models of CRP levels from ages 9 to 21, when marked physical and behavioral changes could contribute to growing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013-10, Vol.38 (10), p.2209-2217
Main Authors: Shanahan, Lilly, Copeland, William E, Worthman, Carol M, Erkanli, Alaattin, Angold, Adrian, Costello, E. Jane
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescence
Adolescent
Adolescent Behavior - physiology
Adult
Age Factors
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
BMI
Body Mass Index
C-reactive protein
C-Reactive Protein - metabolism
Child
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hormones and behavior
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Puberty
Sex Characteristics
Sex differences
Sexual Maturation - physiology
Testosterone
Young Adult
Young adulthood
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Summary:Summary Background Sex differences in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are well established in adulthood, but little is known about when and why they emerge. Here, we tested longitudinal models of CRP levels from ages 9 to 21, when marked physical and behavioral changes could contribute to growing sex disparities in CRP. Methods Data from the community-based prospective-longitudinal Great Smoky Mountains Study ( N = 1420) were used. Participants were 9–13 years old at intake and were followed through age 21. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from up to nine bloodspot collections per person. BMI, physical/sexual maturation, substance use, and control variables were assessed during yearly interviews to age 16, and at ages 19 and 21. Results Multilevel models revealed that the development of CRP in females was best described by a quadratic trend: after slow increases in CRP until age 15, the rate of increase accelerated thereafter. Changes in CRP in males were best described by a smaller, linear increase. After sex-differentiated associations with BMI, physical/sexual maturation, and substance use variables had been accounted for, increases in CRP after age 15 no longer differed by sex. Conclusion Physical/sexual maturation and behavioral changes during adolescence could initiate life-long sex disparities in CRP.
ISSN:0306-4530
1873-3360
DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.010