A current review of molecular mechanisms regarding osteoarthritis and pain

Osteoarthritis afflicts millions of individuals across the world resulting in impaired quality of life and increased health costs. To understand this disease, physicians have been studying risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, aging, obesity, and joint malalignment; however have been unable...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Gene 2013-09, Vol.527 (2), p.440-447
Main Authors: Lee, Andrew S., Ellman, Michael B., Yan, Dongyao, Kroin, Jeffrey S., Cole, Brian J., van Wijnen, Andre J., Im, Hee-Jeong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biochemical mechanisms
Biochemical mediators
Cartilage
cognition
etiology
growth factors
homeostasis
Humans
interleukin-1
interleukin-6
nervous system
obesity
Osteoarthritic pain
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis - genetics
pain
Pain - genetics
physicians
quality of life
risk factors
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Summary:Osteoarthritis afflicts millions of individuals across the world resulting in impaired quality of life and increased health costs. To understand this disease, physicians have been studying risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, aging, obesity, and joint malalignment; however have been unable to conclusively determine the direct etiology. Current treatment options are short-term or ineffective and fail to address pathophysiological and biochemical mechanisms involved with cartilage degeneration and the induction of pain in arthritic joints. OA pain involves a complex integration of sensory, affective, and cognitive processes that integrate a variety of abnormal cellular mechanisms at both peripheral and central (spinal and supraspinal) levels of the nervous system Through studies examined by investigators, the role of growth factors and cytokines has increasingly become more relevant in examining their effects on articular cartilage homeostasis and the development of osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis-associated pain. Catabolic factors involved in both cartilage degradation in vitro and nociceptive stimulation include IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, FGF-2 and PKCδ, and pharmacologic inhibitors to these mediators, as well as compounds such as RSV and LfcinB, may potentially be used as biological treatments in the future. This review explores several biochemical mediators involved in OA and pain, and provides a framework for the understanding of potential biologic therapies in the treatment of degenerative joint disease in the future. •We explore biochemical mediators involved in osteoarthritis and pain.•Current treatment options are ineffective and fail to address pathophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of osteoarthritis.•The role of growth factors and cytokines are increasingly more relevant in their effects on articular cartilage homeostasis.
ISSN:0378-1119
1879-0038
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.069